Ecosystem Services Evaluation And Simulation Based On The InVEST Model

Quantitative evaluation of ecosystem services help to wise use of natural resources, keeping the environment and reaching sustainable development. Ecosystem services evaluation based on the model attracting more and more attention. InVEST model is one of the more mature model and it is used in many areas in China. InVEST model can simulates changes of new projects, policies and the others, then we will analysis the changes of the results of dynamic and we will provide a reference for decision makers to weigh economic benefits and ecosystem services.Longwan Nature Reserve has complex environment( mountains, hills, lakes, rivers and marshland and so on), biodiversity and many kinds of ecosystem types. Longwan Nature Reserve located in Huifa River( the main branch of Songhua River) upstream, it has an significant function of water yield and soil preservation.We analyze the physical and chemical virtue of soil and evaluates water yield function and soil preservation based on the InVEST model of Longwan Nature Reserve. We simulate different scenarios and compare their changes of physical, value and distribution. We got the data based on investigation and experiments. We divide the landscapes of the study area into six types of forest, marshland, farmland, water, towns and roads, divide the forest types intoleaved mixed forest, mongolian pine forest, Fraxinus and shurica,manchurian walnut forest, larix forest, poplar forest, conifer and broad-leafed mixed forest and korean pine forest. We analyze their changes of the two services in different scenarios. The results are as follows:(1) In addition to marshland, the vertical distribution features of soil physical and chemical virtue of the other landscape types is the surface better than the deeper soil; the vertical distribution features offarmland bound water moisture is the surface less than the deeper soil.(2) The physical virtue of the surface soil of different landscape types is well and the broadleaf forest physical virtue is better, the physical virtue of mongolian pine forest is the worst of all the forest types, the physical virtue of farmland is worse than the other landscape types. The organic matter of the surface soil of different landscape types is well, the highest of which is marshland and the lowest is farmland, the organic matter of broadleaf forest is bigger than coniferous forest. The physical and chemical virtue of deeper soil of better landscape types are manchurian walnut forest, korean pine forest, larix forest and poplar forest.(3) The annual water yield of 2013 is 4.23×107m3·a-1, the value of water yield is 2.98×108yuan·a-1; the annual soil loss of 2013 is 6.07×106t·a-1, the value of soil loss is 4.52×107yuan·a-1. The simulation result of water yield is business scenario > year of 2013 > protection scenario. The simulation result of soil loss is business scenario > year of 2013 > protection scenario.(4) We get the results of spatial distribution and spatial changes of physical and value of different landscape types of different scenarios.(5) The compare of water yield per ground area of 2013 of different landscape types is roads > towns > water > farmland > forest > marshland; the compare of water yield of different forest types is coniferous forest > broadleaf forest, the type of the maximum water yield is conifer and broad-leafedmixed forest, the type of the minimal water yield isfraxinus and shurica. The compare of soil loss per ground area of 2013 of different landscape types is farmland > towns > forest > marshland > roads >water; the compare of soil loss of different forest types is coniferous forest > broadleaf forest, the type of the maximum soil loss ismongolian pine forest, the type of the minimal soil loss ismanchurian walnut forest. The soil loss of broadleaf forest is smaller.