Kunyang Phosphate Mine Spoils Of Vegetation Recovery

Kunyang phosphorite mine is large open-air production base of phosphate rock in China, and play an important act in domestic phosphate rock production enterprises. But years of mining, it has causes a certain influence and damage to geological environment and induces a series of geological disasters and geological environment issue. The ecological environment of phosphorite mine have a significant impact on the water quality of Dianchi Lake because Kunyang phosphorite mine is one of the many phosphorite mine in the area around Dianchi Lake. On account of mining complexity and physiological features of the vegetation,therefore it is necessary to reduce the negative effects by vegetation restoration of mining wasteland.The composition of different vegetation communities have different ecological benefits. This article make a research on ecological restoration benefits of different recovery mode,providing scientific basis to ecological restoration reasonable configuration and distribution for phosphorite mining area around Dianchi Lake,providing effective technical support and demonstration model to the vegetation restoration project of abandoned land of mine in yunnan provice.This paper select 8 plantation with different combinations,being in contrast with the platform covering soil,to make ecological benefits analysis by experimental methods as vegetation community investigation,the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of soils and artificial rainfall situation.The research includes the following three aspects:1. The plant diversity investigation of different vegetation types or different restoration time plantation;2. The physical and chemical properties measurement of soils of different vegetation types or different restoration time plantation;3. The analysis of artificial rainfall situation, of different vegetation types or different restoration time plantation.To the plantation of different age,by space replacing time method,find out the change of plant diversity,the physical and chemical properties of soils and soil and water conservation ability of soil;In contrast with yunnan pine and platform covering soil to the same age plantation of different composition,find out the ecological restoration benefits evaluation of different vegetation community at the early formation of communities and stable community.The research's results were as follows:1. By the research of plant diversity of shrub and herb layer in different experimental plots,it includes there have less undergrowth plant species either at the early formation of communities and stable community.As the crown closure of the community,development trend of shrub and herb layer of vegetation restoration in Kunyang phosphorite mine is the progress from many to less,then less to many and finally become stable,and is the progress from perennial herbs mainly and annual and biennial herbs less to annual and biennial herbs mainly,perennial herbs less,and finally become perennial herbs mainly and annual and biennial herbs less as the community become stable, contemporary is the progress from no shrubs to shrubs appearing,from single herb layer to the shrub-grass multi-level combination layer.2. The improvement of soil physical and chemical properties and water conservation benefits are increasing with the passage of time.At the early formation of communities, physical and properties of soil and water conservation benefits improve significantly. Because of the short recovery time, the redistributive role of plants has not been fully reflected, so the laws of some nutrients was not obvious, with the community become more and more stable, and soil nutrient distribution gradually become more reasonable.3. In the view of the over all ecological benefits, Quercus acutissima+Quercus aliena var.acutesrrat community have the highest soil fertility level,comparatively well a diversity index and forest soil and water conservation benefits,which can be used as the first choice of mine vegetation restoration species. Between the vegetation communities restored in 2005,Alnus nepalensis+Cupressus terullsa+Cupressus lusitanica community have the highestαdiversity index, water-holding capacity and effective storing ability of litter, lowest volume of runoff and sand,but the worst physical and chemical properties,with the decomposition of litter and understory shrub-grass death, the fertility levels also increased rapidly,so at the early formation of communities,it has the highest ecological benefits.Alnus nepalensis+Cupressus terullsa+Quercus acutissima community have the highest soil fertility level, but it has low a diversity index.