The Way Of Biomass Energy Used In Tibet And The Basic Research In Application

Energy is the universe social product and the basic material safeguard of our essential life, and is an important foundation of the state's economy and social development, and the energy is also an important part of the world's strategic security. The energy must advance with the development of the economy, the energy construction has taken more and more attention by the various countries. With the increasing depletion of fossil energy, the renewable energy development is raised rapidly in the various countries' energy development program.The biomass energy is one of the renewable energy using ways, and also it carries out the research to be most and complete the most technical achievement at present, and United States, Europe, Brazil, India and other countries has made remarkable achievements in this area. Our country was an nation with great energy expend, the fossil energy massive imports has threatened our country's energy seriously, and even economical, national defense security, This kind of present situation decided China's renewable energy development and utilization to go in the forefront of the world. And also the Tibet in the southeast China, as a result of the special geography natural environment and the important ecology protection status, the ordinary fossil energy is unable large-scale use in the Tibet, but the development of the solar energy,the wind can,the geothermal energy and so on the renewable energy belongs to the initial development phase because the fund and the technical question, they still could not developed massively, therefore the biomass energy development has become the key of Tibet's renewable energy development.By understanding the distribution of biomass resources and the utilization in Tibet, and by analysis the using advantages and disadvantages of biomass energy, I was in accordance with environmental protection in Tibet as well as the relevance of the development of biomass energy policy, and to provide a reference to support the development of biomass in Tibet. Through the comparison test between the biomass fuel and cow dung, we can get the result of the biomass fuels can be replaced by animal manure to meet the needs of local residents. On the performance of the local Tibetan stoves tested, and analysis the major factor of the impact of the Tibetan burning stoves, I provide some advices to improve the design of Tibetan stoves .The main contents and research results are as follows:1. We can reference that the greatest potential area to promote biomass energy is in southeast Tibet in accordance with the distribution of biomass and different regions of different climate. This area is rich in resources, people's lives here are better-off, they have fully capable of receiving and shaping the use of biomass fuel.2. Quality in the use of biological theory, under the guidance of the Tibet Autonomous Region put forward the development and utilization of biomass energy models and for the different characteristics of different regions, named agriculture, forestry, pastoral areas of their respective development models and these development models should be paid attention to proposals.3. After the experimental test of the Tibetan burning stoves, we know that the furnace accessories thermal efficiency mean value below 15%, the quantity of heat basically uses in disappearing for warming up. For these stoves has a open style design, the fuel cannot concentrate for burning, the amount of fuel use is big and the use efficiency is low. Comparing to The biomass forming fuel's pollution emissions, The cow dung's pollution discharges are higher, particularly NO_x emissions in 1000 mg/m³ average about households exceeded the national standard, SO₂ emissions is below 100 mg/m³.When burning, the strove continues to have the sky grey mist and dust, by lights at first when the mist and dust is especially biggest. Without the use of thermal insulation material, so the temperature on surface and the chimney are high, it is inconvenient to use for people and easy to scald.4. According to the characteristics of material fuel burning as well as the local resident's customs, carries on a transformation in the original Tibetan type, by using the way of reducing chamber to centralism fuel, enhances the fuel's using efficiency. The reduction of the pass to air flue for raising the flame, it can enhances the furnace and furnace accessories kitchen work efficiency. For experiment many times, the effect of transformation is remarkable, the furnace and furnace accessories efficiency enhanced nearly by 50%.Despite the focus on the fuel have resulting in incomplete combustion, the average NO_x emissions has been lowered below 1000 mg/m³ , SO₂ emissions rose slightly, but it still controls below 100 mg/m³ which are outside the scope of national standards.5. Analysis the major factor in the effect of biomass burning stoves, we found that the water content of biomass fuels as an increase in the efficiency of biomass stoves to reduce, CO emissions is increase, NO_x emission is reduce and CO₂ is also a slight decrease. We can found in the course of the experiment that that when damp biomass fuel into the furnace for combustion, fuel-like disintegrating slag was very difficult to ignite, fire repeatedly produce the phenomenon of dust, it can not be used.6. In the production process, there are strict criteria in the moisture content of raw materials, dried and the particle size crushed to, such as the forestry waste has to control the moisture content of about 8%, otherwise the equipment production efficiency will be reduced, and it's easy to produce accidents to affect the normal and orderly production; In order to comply with the characteristics of the local Tibetan stoves, according to a different shape, the forming of the fuel size should control respectively, such as the granular size should be≥20mm, massive cross-section size should be not less than 31 x 31mm.7. In consider of the local resident's revenue and expenditure situation as well as in the payment ability situation, in view of the different economy degree of development region promotion different furnace and furnace accessories, in the wealthier forest region and the agricultural area, might coordinate the promotion with the half-gasification stoves which is a mature technology inland, moreover this also tallied with the Tibet Autonomous Region science and technology hall plateau biology research institute in inland inspection result, they can enhanced the fuel use efficiency, they may satisfied the operation requirements which to live the material fuel promotion in Tibet and the local resident lives .