Development Of The Northeastern Region Of The Issue Of Industrial Clusters

At present, the regional economic development and transformation of old industrial bases, the number of domestic and foreign experts and scholars from different angles, different sides put forward a number of views and opinion, representative and consensus-building a point of view is to develop rich characteristics of industrial clusters, which is guiding the current revitalization of old industrial bases is an important guide and reference value. Industry cluster is a necessity in the development of modern industry trends, but also the region at this stage an important source of competitiveness and a concentrated expression. In this paper, industrial cluster theory based on an analysis of the mechanism of the formation of industrial clusters, and from an economic point of view of the industrial cluster effect, both at home and abroad to learn from developed areas through cluster development experience to enhance the northeast old industrial base level of economic development to speed up the advantages of the formation of industrial clusters to promote the old industrial bases in northeast regional economic revitalization proposals.In this paper, divided into three chapters, the basic contents are as follows:The first chapter of the concept of regional industrial clusters, the development of features and form factors of the system introduced. First of all, introduced the concept of industrial clusters. Industry Cluster (Industrial Cluster), industrial cluster is defined as a specific area, the relationship between competition and cooperation with, and geographically concentrated, there are cross-linked enterprises, specialized suppliers, service providers, financial institutions, relevant industry, manufacturers and other relevant bodies such as the composition of the groups. In economics, the theory of industrial clusters is an updated summary ? U.S. economist Michael Porter. In his view, the industry cluster refers to a particular industry, a large number of enterprises and related institutions in a concentrated geographic region. In other words, industry cluster refers to a specific area of a large number of industries closely related to the enterprises, as well as support agencies in the gathering space and form a strong, sustainable competitive advantage of the phenomenon. Cluster as a new model of industrial development, in order to unite the competitiveness of enterprises and enhance the level of regional economic development to build a bridge. Second, introduced the development of the characteristics of industrial clusters. Practice has proved that at home and abroad, industry cluster is to improve the regional economic competitiveness effective way. Contribute to the formation of industrial clusters as external economies of scale, reduce transaction costs, promoting knowledge and innovation economy and development, effective integration of industry development and the advantages of regional aggregation, resulting in the cluster effect of industrial clusters in the region, the formation of both a high degree of industry competition and cooperation between the atmosphere, so that a more professional division of labor, fine, so that the lower down the cost, faster pace of technological innovation, they form a highly efficient organization of production, the region to enhance the competitiveness of industry. This shows that industrial cluster is not only a powerful economic organization, is also a way of promoting regional economic development strategy mode. Once again introduced the formation of industrial clusters of factors. The development of industrial clusters have a dynamic mechanism, in general can be divided into two modes: first, relying on the internal dynamic mechanism. Mechanisms rely on the internal dynamics of the industry are often spontaneously formed groups, and progressive, and in most cases, the formation of industrial clusters and development of ancient and local accumulation of closely related industries. It also determines the degree of clustering of the network low, rough division of labor, technological backwardness, but because of geographical factors in the initial lack of external markets (international markets) for the communication and liaison, in the huge domestic market conditions, by satisfying the domestic market at lower levels to form a complete industrial system, a wealth of product types and facilities. China's central and western regions are the industries most of this type. The second is to rely on external forces to the formation of industrial clusters. International Institute of Multinational Corporations in response to intense competition and volatile markets, pay more attention to their own cultivation of core competitiveness, so the number of non-core business divestitures, production and processing operations are often outsourced to low-cost countries and regions, these areas to undertake gradient of this industry shift, the formation of local industrial clusters.The second chapter is devoted to the northeast old industrial base of the economic situation and development of industrial clusters of the situation. First of all, introduced the old industrial bases in northeast of the overall status quo. Relying on its rich natural resources, after many years of investment and accumulation, the extraction and processing and manufacturing to become the northeast pillar of regional economic development force, but also created a resource-based raw materials and equipment to serve the regional innovation system manufacturers. Old Industrial Base in Northeast rely mainly on coal, petroleum, forest and other resources and Xing, the economic structure has the characteristics of resource-based economic structure, heavy industry and a greater share of basic industry (nearly 80%). Extensive long-term economic growth, making the Northeast regional environmental pollution, lack of resources, highlighting issues such as ecological damage. At the same time, the lack of effective scientific and technological support to the long-standing fluctuation of the equipment manufacturing industry in the international industry's low-end value chain, has been at the vanguard of the status of the country northeast of the equipment manufacturing industry, its development is not only significantly behind in Shanghai, but also far behind in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and so on. Industrial added value is a measure of the quality of a regional industrial development, especially the value of the important indicators of creative ability. Despite the scale of the three northeastern provinces of the total industrial forefront in the country, but, due to the structural impact on traditional industries and regional industrial innovation system, the inherent weaknesses, making the region a competitive advantage of industrial-scale does not combine the advantages of. In 2005, the total amount of the three northeastern provinces, 9.6 percent of industrial added value, the ratio of the ratio of Guangdong Province, only 75%, 79% of Jiangsu, which means that three provinces in Northeast China's industrial added value of less than a year in Guangdong and Jiangsu, a province of 80% . Northeast China and upgrade the industrial structure transformation is imperative, and based on regional industrial innovation system of independent innovation capacity of enterprises to cultivate, it is to promote structural change and a key factor in the optimization and upgrading. Second, introduced the development of industrial cluster in Northeast China's advantages and constraints. The main advantages include: industrial advantages, talent and technology advantages, regional resources and special advantage. Macro aspects of the major constraints include: (1) The Government has not really played in the development of industrial clusters and the role of the position. (2) infrastructure development lags behind, constraining the development of industrial clusters. (3) the overall competitiveness of industrial clusters is not strong. (4) R & D capacity is low, the core competitiveness of enterprises is not high; microeconomic constraints include: (1) a cluster of enterprises is low degree of market concentration, firm size small. (2) the high proportion of state-owned capital, the involvement of private capital is not high. (3) low number of small and medium-sized clusters, the degree of the market is not high. (4) the aging of industrial technology, innovation low. (5) shelters industrial chain, industrial duplication of resources and development to snatch restricted space.Chapter III presents the northeast industrial clusters strategy for regional development proposals. Pointed out that the north-eastern cluster of development is a long process, from the path of development at home and abroad look at industry clusters, industry clusters in the spontaneous formation of the dominant factors, external factors can only be formed for the cluster to provide favorable conditions for the final , northeast of the development of industrial clusters ultimately have to rely on its own innovation and system innovation and ideas. In addition, the Government in the development of the northeast industrial cluster should play an important role; analysis of clusters of economic development in the northeastern region of Enlightenment, and the northeastern region to the economic development of clusters of specific initiatives: To speed up the reform of state-owned enterprises to speed up so that state-owned enterprises in the development of industrial clusters play a key role; to speed up the development of smes , to encourage private capital involvement in industrial clusters; cluster R & D capacity of enterprises to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises; to speed up the industrial clusters of technology standardization within enterprises, give full play to the industry with the role of industry associations.