| The West Kunlun Mountains of Xinjiang is located in the border area of xinjiang and Tibet, and The Pamir adjacent northwest, southwest The Karakorum is linked together, The Middle kunlun mountains locked in the east and south into the northern Tibet plateau. The whole mountains west yarkant south Damusi Village and Yecheng county board in the west of the Qipan River, east to Andier river in the eastern part of Mingfeng country, namely 76.5° east longitude 83.7°, from east to west for more than 900 kilometers, north to south for 130-200 kilometers wide, the average altitude of main ridge is about 6000 meters, nearly 4000 meters north wing and height of the tarim basin, northern Qiangtang plateau in the south.The region is still extremely arid climate zone, the total trend from west to east gradually dry, but the north wing mountains because of conditions of atmospheric precipitation, thus higher rainfall than the piedmont plains. In this paper, we systematically studied taxonomy of these plants, on its basis species diversity was analysed which including the trait of genera and species, flora constitution character and life form and so on.The research indicated that:About 29 families, 116 genera, 273 species, 17 variaties and 3 forms of Archichlamydeae(except Leguminosae)plant were recorded to occur in the West Kunlun Mountains of Xinjiang, repectively accounting for 26.85% of families, 17.85% of genera and 6.32% of species in Qinghai~Tibeta, respectively accounting for 41.42% of family, 33.82% of genera and 21.59% of species in Xinjiang. Among them, there are 6 new genera, 66 new species on the West Kunlun Mountains of Xinjiang,and 1 new species in Xinjiang, it was Silene yetii.From the genus level of family, the family which including 16 genus have 1(Cruciferae), total 24 genera 44 species and accounted for 20.69% of total genus and 16.12% of total specie number. The middle genus family which including 6-15 genus total 5 families51 genus 122 species, respectively accounted for17.24% and 44.69% of the total families and genus and species. One genus family and few genus family(2-5genus) total had 23 families, and accounted for 79.31% of total family, which indicted that this area’s plant families are abundance.Judging from the species level of familie, the family which contained above 20 to 49 species are Cruciferae(24/44), Chenopodiaceae(14/39), Ranunculaceae(13/29), Caryophyllaceae(11/30), total 4family, accounted for 13.80% of all families, total 62 genus 142 species, respectively accounted for 53.45%of genera, and 52.01% of species. Though they had a little proportion, they contained above half of total genus and species, suggesting that these 4 families occupy an important place in the composition of the flora..One genus family and few genus(2-9species) family total had 22 families, accounted for 75.86% of total families. Those results showed that this area’s environment is bad, and a little of species of most families distributed in this place.The genus composition is abundant. In the consist of genus, which contained 6-9 species were Ephedra(7)、Salix(7)、Polygonum(7)、Suaeda(7)、Potentilla(7)、Rumex(6)、Corispermum(6)、Clematis(6) had 8 genus and 53 species, accounted for 6.90% of genus and 19.41% of species in total. Few species genus(2-5species) had 48 genus 160 species, accounted for 41.38% of genus and58.61% of species in total. One species genus had 60 genus 60 species, accounted for 51.72% of genus and21.98% of species in total. So, about 108 genus 220 species in one species genus and few species genus,accounted for 93.10% of genus, are the dominant composition. While most genus had only 1 or just few genus distributed in this area, showed this area’s environment is very bad.The life-form is rich in this area, the advantage plant life-form is perennials dominant type, including141 species, accounted for 51.65%. Followed by annuals and phanerophyte, separately had 69 and 43 species, accounted for 25.27% and 15.75%, the phanerophyte was very small but they were the important compositon of flora, which played an important role in regional environmental protection. 19 kinds of chamaephyte, accounting for 6.96%, Thene was only one parasite plant in this area, it was Cynomorium songaricum.The ecological type is abundance. There are xeric, the raw and wet. The raw had 223 species,accounted for 81.68% of total species, and is the main component in this area, especially obvious in the Alpine meadow and Subalpine meadow. Follow by xeric, had 41 species, accounted for 15.02% of total species which widely distributed in the western desert to eastern piedmont mountain. The wet was fewer which had 9 species, accounted for 3.30% of total species. Therefore, the ecological type of the raw was the vast majority in the West Kunlun Mountains of Xinjiang,but the natural environment had some xerophytic properties, some xerophytic plants can survive here, and can form part of the community.The composition of flora was very complex in the West Kunlun Mountains of Xinjiang, which belong to 9 areal~types and 11 subtypes. The temperate quality was extremely obvious which had 65 genus accounts for 67.71%. North temperate distribution and variant of the first place, with a total of 43genera;Old world temperate and temperate Asia distribution type second.The west kunlun mountains from petals(with the exception of leguminosae) flora has a connection with other regions of the world is, in other areal types, west Asia, the Mediterranean to central Asia and its variant of the distribution of 15 genera, accounting for 15.62% of the total number of genera in the region;Central Asia and its variant distribution also occupies a certain proportion of 12 genera, accounting for 12.5% of the total number of genera in the region;Also contain a small number of tropical elements.From the region petals class(with the exception of leguminosae) floristic geographical composition diversity, temperate nature extremely obvious, the most intimate relations and north temperate regions, and the old world temperate distribution and variant and the Mediterranean Sea, west Asia and central Asia distribution and variant contact more closely, and tropical distribution less contact.Compared with the peripheral regions, the similarity coefficient of the Pamirs of China and the Karakorum mountain of China is high, respectively accounting for 47.5%, 57.61% and 30.29% on the level of families, genera and species with the Pamirs of China and accounting for 64.29%, 54.23% and 26.22%on the level of families, genera and species with the Karakorum mountain of China. These showed that these three regions from Archichlamydeae(except Leguminosae)closely related to plant. |
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