Study On Cellular Automata Simulation Of The Pedestrians' Evacuation Process Of Teaching Building

In recent years, security has become the hotspot. Especially in the earthquake, fire or other emergency incidents such as emergencies, in schools, stadiums and other crowded public places, people have increasingly focused on evacuation issue. These places are traffic flow, personnel-intensive, large hidden security risks. Once the earthquake, fire and other emergency incidents occur and evacuation is carried out ineffective, a stampede among the crowd likely takes place, which results in a large number of casualties and damages to buildings. So people pay close attention to the issue of pedestrian safety evacuation. If you study the evacuation problem, you focus on the actual large-scale staff training, which will cause considerable waste of human and financial resources, and evacuation personnel, psychological and architectural structures, the environment varies, which is very difficult to implement. In this case, scientists generally simulate the evacuation of large buildings through the computer modeling. They carry out the simulation by calculating the time the staff spend in leaving the danger zone and analyzing the behavior, psychological, and physiological factors of the staff in the evacuation process. According to the results of the evacuation and the actual situation, the realistic rationalization of scientific advice will be put forward which benifits the structural design of buildings and the personnel of security.The main work of this paper is divided into three parts:The first part, a multi-speed mixed-line pedestrian flow modeling has been achieved, using Von-Neumann neighborhood and expansion of the Moore neighbors, and by changing the update-step approach. In double-outlet of the classroom the simulation study on three different maximum speed of pedestrian evacuation process was carried out. Based on the actual situation in the classroom the position of risk has been re-defined. The model can reproduce the hybrid line of the whole process flow of evacuation. Using the serial updating of two-dimensional cellular automaton model and adopting different maximum speed of pedestrians movement rules, large classroom pedestrian evacuation simulation and studies has been carried out, which shows that owing to the presence of obstacles in the classroom, it is not obvious difference between a maximum speed of major pedestrian evacuation process used in the evacuation time and the maximum speed of small. Pedestrian congestion mainly focuses on between the desks and hallways. Evacuation time mainly relates to the aisle width of the door and the number of pedestrians. The distance between the two doors and the width of the door has little effect on the evacuation time.The second part,two-dimensional cellar automata evacuation model of pedestrian flow has been established, using lattice gas model of biased random walk in the direction of selection probability calculation methods, which simulates and researches a certain layer of the evacuation process of teaching building. The results obtained evacuation time and the number of stairs, corridor width, stair width, and pedestrians in the corridor, stairs bias strength of relationship. The simulation results has a certain significance of the teaching building design.The third part,a two-storey pedestrian evacuation was carried out to simulate and study. Three-dimensional problem can be reduced into a two-dimensional problem. With the use of cellular automata, a new model of pedestrian movement rules has been established, mainly examined the length of the stairs, stair width, the width of the corridor, the width of the room door on the time of evacuation. The results show that the length of the stairs, corridor width, the width of the room door have little effect on the average evacuation time, while the width of the stairs has a greater impact on the average evacuation time.The research in the field of pedestrian evacuation is of great importance. The use of controlled variable method, an optimal solution has come out through a pedestrian evacuation simulation and evolution in a certain place. According to this program, the designer rationalizes the design of the overall structure of the building. In the case of an emergency, the time of pedestrian evacuation has been shortest. At the same time the relevant departments develop safety precautions to raise people's awareness of prevention and to reduce unnecessary casualties.Finally, I have summarized the work of the full text and come to a summarization, and pointed out some issues to be examined, and predicted the future research direction.