Study Of Wireless Sensor Network Routing Algorithm

Wireless sensor networks are an emerging technology, it was rated one of the top ten key technologies in the 21st century. Wireless sensor network is a non-infrastructure wireless networks, It combines the embedded computing technology, sensor technology, distributed information processing technology and wireless communication technologies. The development and wide application of wireless sensor network will bring a tremendous impact on people's social life and industry changes.Applications is the target of wireless sensor network, its building is a huge systems engineering, research related to work and have a lot of issues to be resolved. Routing algorithm and energy consumption are the two important issues. Routing algorithm is closely related to energy consumption .Good routing algorithm can reduce network energy consumption. In this paper, the study mainly focuses on how to design a suitable routing algorithm, making the network to reduce energy consumption and prolong the network life cycle. Routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks with application relevance, Therefore, this article firstly determine the design of the new algorithm is used to solve the routing problems of medium-sized network environments .For medium and large network environment, hierarchical routing algorithm is chosen as the research object. First, the key technology of routing algorithm design is researched, including data fusion technology, power control technology, other hot issues of networks and data transmission. Through research to identify the shortcomings of these technologies, improvements are made. Then, on this basis, this paper choose hierarchical routing algorithm - LEACH protocol as the research object, Combined my own research results on the basis of this algorithm, Summarized the routing algorithm under the new environment conditions-LEACH-N(NEW LEACH) algorithm. The new algorithm achieved improvements mainly in the following aspects:1. Data transmission. The original data transmission within and outside of the cluster improves from a single-hop communication to a combination of single-hop and multi-hop, at the same time, to bring into CSMA/CD or Carrier Sense Multiple Access /Collision Detection communication mechanism. The improved algorithm avoids a large number of energy loss caused by the nodes transmit data over long distances, while effectively avoiding the data conflict, reducing the network energy consumption. 2. Data fusion method. The combination of distributed and centralized data fusion approach is used in LEACH-N algorithm. This way even more improves the efficiency of data fusion, reducing the amount of redundant data, saving network energy.3. Power Control Algorithm. The power control algorithm based on direction applied in LEACH-N algorithm, so that the node in the launch of data signals, only within a certain emission direction. Significant energy is saved in the network relative to the full range of data transmission methods.4. Processing network hot spots problem. We adjust the cluster size in the hot zone, by changing the amount of data within a cluster, reducing the workload of the cluster head. We can effectively avoid rapidly death of the cluster head node in hot spots, because of too much energy consumption.Finally, the new LEACH-N algorithm was verified by MATLAB simulation software, through network performance comparison simulation with LEACH protocol, from the simulation results, the new hierarchical routing algorithm achieved good results in data transmission, energy consumption and node time of death.