| ObjectivesWe explore the relationship between children with ADHD or ADHD comorbid ODD and social psychological factors, to provide a basis for intervention of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Methods25 ADHD comorbid ODD children,30 ADHD children and 130 normal children were researched by case-control study with the general information list, Barratt's impulsivity scale(BIS), Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL), the Parenting Locus of Control Scale(PLOC), Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale(PHCSS), Family Environment Scale(FES) and IVA test. The multiple influence factors were analyzed by t-test, analysis of variance and Binary Logistic regression analysis.Results1.The number of children whose fathers have cigarette in ADHD+ODD group were significantly higher than in normal group(t=2.510,P=0.015).2. The scores of Attentional Key, Motor Key, Non-Planning Key in ADHD+ODD group and ADHD group were significantly higher than the normal group(P< 0.05);The scores of Non-Planning Key in ADHD+ODD group were also significantly higher than ADHD group(P<0.05); The total scores of the three groups have no significantly differences.3.The scores of internalizing, depressed, social problems, thought problems, social-withdrawal problems, attention problems, aggressive behavior, delinquent behavior and total problems in ADHD+ODD group were significantly higher than in normal group(P<0.05); Compared with the normal group, the scores of internalizing, thought problems, somatic problems, social-withdrawal problems, attention problems, aggressive behavior, delinquent behavior and total problems in ADHD group were significantly higher(P<0.05); The scores of aggressive behavior, delinquent behavior and total problems in ADHD+ODD group were significantly higher(P<0.05) than in ADHD group.4. The scores of parental behavior control factor were significant differences between ADHD+ODD group, ADHD group and the normal group(P<0.05); There were significant no difference in the scores of other factors in three groups.5.The scores of behavior, intellectual status and overall scores in ADHD+ODD group were significant lower than in the normal group(P<0.05); There were significant no difference in the scores of other factors in three groups.6. The scores of conflict and moral-religious factors in ADHD+ODD group were significant higher than the normal group, the scores of achievement, intellectual-cultural and social-recreative in ADHD+ODD group were significant lower than the normal group(P<0.05); There were no differences between ADHD+ODD group and ADHD group in other factors.7.There were no significant differences between ADHD+ODD group and ADHD group in the scores of each quotient, but the scores of full scale response control quotient, audition response control quotient, attention quotient, vision attention quotient, audition prudence quotient, audition consistency quotient, vision consistency quotient, audition stamina quotient, vision stamina quotient, vision vigilance quotient, audition focus quotient and vision focus quotient in ADHD+ODD group were lower than in ADHD group.8. The children with ADHD were analyzed by Binary Logistic Regression analysis, whom entered the regression equation are aggressive behavior, Non-Planning Key, parental behavior control and achievement. Each factors had statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusions1.Children whose father had cigarette are more susceptible to ODD and ADHD. In the families of ADHD children, fathers had more cigarette.2.Children with ADHD or ADHD comorbid ODD had more impulsive behavior, more behaviorally aggressive acts and more dysfunctional anger, especially children with ADHD comorbid ODD.3.Children with ADHD had more internalizing, externalizing and adaptation problems than the normal children. Children with ADHD comorbid ODD were more susceptible to negative emotion, even may develop to mood disorder.4. The parenting locus of control may have relationship with ADHD or ADHD comorbid ODD. Parents of ADHD children tend to control children's behavior. Behavior problems of ADHD were affected by negative parenting locus of control and the deviation education cognitive should be improved.5.The self-concept of children with ADHD decreases generally and has more problems. Children with ADHD have more learning problems.6. Family of children with ODD has more conflict. Despite this, family functioning seems to be a risk factor for oppositional defiant disorder in adolescents.7. The symptom of Children with ADHD or ADHD comorbid ODD had no significant differences.8.ADHD was related to some factors which include aggressive behavior, non-planning, parental behavior control and family achievement. Aggressive behavior and family achievement were dangerous factors, Non-planning and parental behavior control were protective factors. ObjectivesWe detected the potential predisposing genes of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Methods28 ADHD comorbid ODD children,31 ADHD children and 46 normal children were studied by the approach of case-control study. We detected the polymorphism of two sets 5-HTTLPR and MAOA-μVNTR with restriction fragment length polymorphism technology (RFLP), and then the genotype and allele frequency were analyzed by association analysis in order to detect the association of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and predisposing genes.Results1.In the investigated group, the genotype of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is SS, SL and LL. There is no statistical significance in the comparison of genotype in the three groups(χ2=2.074,P=0.355,χ2=3.571,P=0.168,χ2=1.400,P=0.497).2. Genotype SS may increase the risk of children suffering from ADHD comorbid ODD, the OR is 1.812. That means in the ADHD+ODD group, the risk of suffering from ADHD comorbid ODD is 1.812 times than the normal group when the genotype of 5-HTTLPR is homozygote S/S.Genotype SS may also increase the risk of suffering from ADHD, the OR is 1.641.In addition, in the ADHD+ODD group, the risk of suffering from ADHD comorbid ODD is 1.104 times than in ADHD group when the genotype of 5-HTTLPR is homozygote S/S.Genotype SL may increase the risk of comorbidity, the OR is 1.120.3.The frequency of 5-HTTLPR allelomorphic gene S and L have significance differences compared in the three groups (χ2=6.148, P=0.046,χ2=6.059, P=0.048).4. Allelomorphic gene S may increase the risk of suffering from ADHD comorbid ODD, the OR is 1.703.That means in the ADHD+ODD group, the risk of comorbidity is 1.703 times than the normal group when the allelomorphic gene is S.It may also increase the risk of suffering from ADHD, the OR is 1.432.5.In the investigated group, the genotype of MAOA-μVNTR polymorphism is genotype S-30bp-μVNTR (321bp,3.5R), genotype 4-30bp-μVNTR (351bp, 4.5R) and genotype 3.5R/4.5R. There is no statistical significance in the comparison of genotype in the three groups.6. Genotype 3.5R/3.5R may increase the risk of children suffering from ADHD comorbid ODD, the OR is 1.733.That means in the ADHD+ODD group, the risk of suffering from ADHD comorbid ODD is 1.733 times than the normal group when the genotype of MAOA-μVNTR is homozygote 3.5R/3.5R. Genotype 3.5R/3.5R may also increase the risk of suffering from ADHD, the OR is 1.579. In addition, in the ADHD+ODD group, the risk of suffering from ADHD comorbid ODD is 1.098 times than in ADHD group when the genotype of MAOA-μVNTR is homozygote 3.5R/3.5R. Genotype 4.5R/4.5R may increase the risk of comorbidity, the OR is 1.010.7. The frequency of MAOA-μVNTR allelomorphic gene 3.5R has significance differences compared in the three groups (χ2=1.552,P=0.460). The frequency of MAOA-μVNTR allelomorphic gene 4.5R has no significance differences compared in the three groups(χ2=6.151,P=0.046).8. Allelomorphic gene 3.5R may increase the risk of suffering from ADHD comorbid ODD, the OR is 1.525.That means in the ADHD+ODD group, the risk of comorbidity is 1.525 times than the normal group when the allelomorphic gene is 3.5R. It may also increase the risk of suffering from ADHD, the OR is 1.348. Conclusions1.There is no statistical significance in the comparison of genotype SS,SL and LL of 5-HTTLPR in the three groups.2. There is statistical significance in the comparison of the frequency of 5-HTTLPR allelomorphic gene S and L in the three groups.3.The genotype 3.5R/3.5R of ADHD+ODD group and ADHD group is higher than the normal group, but there is no significant difference.4. There is statistical significance in the comparison of the frequency of MAOA-μVNTR polymorphism gene 3.5R in the three groups(P<0.05).5.The upper results indicate there is association about 5-HTTLPR and MAOA-μVNTR and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder of children.
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