Research Of Relationship Between Fatty Acids Content In Pregnant Women And Incidence Of Atopic Diseases In Infants In Distint Regions

BackgroundA few studies have explored that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) play a important role in regulating immune system by inhibiting n-6 PUFA and its derivative, which were believed as crucial roles in development of some atopic diseases. Aquatic product is Chinese citizen's main source of n-3 PUFA and its intake varies in different regions at present, which we hypothesis could influence the fatty acids content in pregnant women and incidence of atopic diseases in infants. We collect pregnant women in different regions in north China in this research, then we investigate their fatty acids content and their infants'incidence of atopic diseases in the first 6 months after birth to accumulate base data for researching the relationship between intake of n-3 PUFA and new-borns' incidence of atopic diseases.ObjectiveTo learn the consumption of aquatic product and intake of fatty acids among difference regions.To investigate the relationship of content of fatty acids amond phosphatidylcholine (PC) in pregnant women's plasma, cord blood, and breast milk during different times and the intake of aquatic product.To investigate the relationship between the content of n-3 PUFA and new-born's atopic diseases incident.Method126 pregnant women were recruited from three regions (jurong as the freshwater region,42, rizhao as the coastal region,42 and xushui as the inland region,42, respectively), whose dietary and plasma PC were inquired and collected during different gestations, whose colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk were collected. The composition of fatty acids in plasma PC and breast milk were analyzed by gas chromatography.Resorts1.The pregnant women's intake of aquatic product in first, second and third trimester in freshwater region (jurong) are 90.3 g/d,81.5 g/d and 87.2g/d respectively, intake of freshwater product are 69.4 g/d, 65.8 g/d and 67.5 g/d respectively; in coastal region (rizhao), intake of aquatic product are 83.Og/d,103.7g/d and 110.4g/d respectively, intake of marine product are 71.0 g/d,95.8 g/d and 96.3 g/d respectively; In inland region (xushui), intake of aquatic product are 16.2g/d,24.2g/d and 23.5g/d respectively, freshwater product and marine product account for 50% repectively.2. The pregnant women's intake of DHA in first, second and third trimester in freshwater region (jurong) are 48.00 g/d,41.39 g/d and 51.36 g/d respectively; in coastal region (rizhao),103.23 g/d,129.04 g/d and 127.23 g/d respectively; in inland region (xushui),44.74 g/d,55.59 g/d and 51.71 g/d, respectively. The intake in rizhao region are significantly higher than the intake in the other two regions in all three trimesters (P<0.05).3. Almost all intake of EPA are from aquatic product in three regions. Over 60% intake of DHA are from aquatic product and circa 10%-25% intake are fron eggs in freshwater region (jurong) and coastal region (rizhao). Circa 45% intake of DHA are from aquatic product and circa 50% intake are fron eggs in inland region (xushui).4.The total fatty acids in colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk in freshwater region (jurong) are 1.79g/100g milk,4.39g/100g milk and 4.65 g/100g milk respectively, in which the content of ALA, EPA and DHA are 24.92mg/100g milk,65.43mg/100g milk,64.62mg/100g milk, 1.18mg/100g milk,2.64mg/100g milk,2.62mg/100g milk,8.69mg/100g milk, 17.33mg/100g milk and 16.97mg/100g milk respectively;The total fatty acids in colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk in coastal region (rizhao) are 2.54g/100g milk,1.74g/100g milk and 1.56g/100g milk respectively, in which the content of ALA, EPA and DHA are 18.03mg/100gmilk,12.59mg/100gmilk,18. 10mg/100gmilk,1.56mg/100g milk,1.20mg/100gmilk,1.16mg/100gmilk,10.50mg/100gmilk,7.02mg/100g milk and 8.12mg/100g respectively;The total fatty acids in colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk in inland region (xushui) are 2.25g/100g milk,3.87g/100g milk and 3.70g/100g milk respectively, in which the content of ALA, EPA and DHA are 16.44mg/100g milk,27.08mg/100g milk,32.94mg/100g milk,0.82mg/100g milk,1.13mg/100gmilk,1.09mg/100gmilk,7.26mg/100gmilk,9.58mg/100g milk and 8.19mg/100g milk respectively.The content of total fatty acids and ALA in transitional milk and mature milk in rizhao region are significantly lower than the contents in the other two regions (P<0.05). The content of EPA and DHA in transitional milk and mature milk in rizhao region are significantly higher than the contents in the other two regions(P<0.05).5.The content of EPA and DHA in pregnant women's plasma phosphatidylcholine in first and third trimester and in cord plasma phosphatidylcholine in freshwater region (jurong) are 7.06ug/ml, 9.35ug/ml,3.42ug/ml,34.05ug/ml,37.45ug/ml and 16.61ug/ml respectively; in coastal region (rizhao),7.61ug/ml,7.80ug/ml,3.06ug/ml, 32.93ug/ml,36.13ug/ml and 13.92ug/ml respectively; in inland region (xushui),2.68ug/ml,3.08ug/ml,1.92ug/ml,20.96ug/ml,23.13ug/ml and 13.92ug/ml respectively. The content of EPA and DHA in pregnant women's plasma phosphatidylcholine in first and third trimester are significantly lower then the contents in the other two regions (P<0.05). 6. There are no relation between the intake of EPA or DHA during the third trimester and the content of EPA or DHA in pregnant women's plasma phosphatidylcholine during third trimester; The intake of ARA during the third trimester is negatively related with the content of ARA in pregnant women's plasma phosphatidylcholine during third trimester (r=-0.178)There are no significant relation between intake of EPA or DHA during the third trimester is positively related with the content of EPA or DHA in colostrum; The intake of ARA during the third trimester is positively related with the content of ARA in colostrum (r=0.188)7. There are no significant relation between main LC-PUFA contents of bord plasma PC and new born's incidence of atopic diseases in all three regions.8. The contents of ARA and EPA in third trimester plasma phosphatidylcholine are positively related with the contents of ARA and EPA in cord plasma phosphatidylcholine (r=0.284, P=0.001; 0.814 P<0.0001, respectively).9. The new-born's atopic disease incidence are 48.78%,90.24% and 42.86% in freshwater region (jurong), coastal region (rizhao) and inland region (xushui), respectively.ConclusionThere are differences of customs in aquatic product consuming and intake of LC-PUFA among three regions. There are tiny differences of content of fat and fatty acids in colosturm among three regions but the content in coastal region (rizhao) are significantly lower than the content in the other two regions. There are tiny differences of content of plasma phosphatidylcholine fatty acids in first and third trimester and in cord.