Study On The Epidemic Situation Of Paragonimiasis Skrjabini In HeJiang Country, Research On Expression Of JAK-STAT,and NF-κβ In Lung,Liver,Brain And Changes In Pathology In Experimental Paragonimiasis

Study on the epidemic situation of Paragonimiasis Skrjabini in HeJiang country, research on expression of JAK-STAT,and NF-Kβin lung,liver,brain and changes in pathology in experimental paragonimiasisLI Zhen-lian 1,ZHANG Xi-lin 2, WANG Ying2, CHEN Wen-bi1, QIAN Bao-zhen3,, Sugiyama H4, WANG Guang-xi1※(1.Department of Pathogenic Biology,Luzhou Medical College,Luzhou646000, Sichuan Province,China; 2. Department of Pathogenic Biology,Third Military Medical University;3.Insitute of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science; 4. Institutes of National Health in Japan,Japan)Abstract:objective:To survey epidemic situation, clinical manifestation of paragonimiasis skrjabini in southern Sichuan region Hejiang county. To study expression of JAK-STAT, NF-Kβin the lung,liver, brain and changes in ultrastructural pathology in experimental paragonimiasis.Methods:Epidemic situation of Paragonimiasis Skrjabini in HeJiang was surveyed by anatomizing freshwater crab, calculating the rate of infection metacercar-iae, questionaire, detecting serum antibody with DIGFA-kit. Crabs collected from endemic areas, were used to isolate metacercariae of Paragonimus Skrjabini. The dogs were infected with Paragonimus skrjabini metacercariae by intraperitoneal injection, dissected to obtain the lung tissue, liver tissue, and adult worms 3 months after infection. Rat models of brain damage were established by injecting paragonimus adult worm antigen with stereotactic microinjection apparatus,24h later, rat brain tissues were obtained, fixed, sliced. The reaction of cells around the worms and injecting antigen site were observed with the light microscope and the electron microscope, Expression and activity of the JAK-STAT and NF-K 0 signaling pathway were observed by immunohistochemistry. Results:The second intermediate host was Sinopotamon denticulatum. The Paragonimus skrjabini metacercaria infection rate of freshwater crab was 92.37%(2453/2656).The crab species was identified as Pagumogonimus skrjabini.The rate of eating raw crab in residents was 21.53%(208/966), the most remarkable manifestations was migratory subcutaneous nodules (4.51%), The positive rate of antibody of paragonimiasis was 4.84%(24/496).There are tissue damage in experimental dogs and rat, Nodules and formation of fibrous scar on the surface of lung and liver were observed in the infected dog, HE showed necrotic cell debris or eggs in the bronchial lumen and alveolar, lymphocytes infiltration around the egg, alveolar sacs collapsed, alveolar septa damaged. Necrosis of liver, eosinophil infiltration and eosinophilic abscess formation, necrosis and fibrous tissue wrapped around the granuloma, liver cell ballooning degeneration, atrophy, degeneration, necrosis, hepatocyte nuclear enrichment, sinusoidal expansion were observed in experimental dog.Brain edema around the hematoma in the antigen injection rat, focal necrosi, neuron shrinkage, dissolution of Nissl, surrounded by a gap, disappearance of neurites, reaction of mononuclear cells and glial cells were observed in the antigen injection rat.Electron microscopy showed thatⅠ,Ⅱ-type epithelial cell of lung swelling, exfoliation, nuclear damage, mitochondrial swelling, cristae rupture, expansion of endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, large effusion, eosinophils, mononuclear cell infiltration, alveolar septal damage, edema and destruction of nearly all cells in the infected dog.Liver cell swelling, organelle damage, mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum dilation, red blood cell destruction of the liver sinusoids, endothelial cell edema were observed in the infected dog.Cerebral cortex neurons swelling, nuclear translocation and irregular shape, uneven nuclear membrane, nuclear transfer overflow,, flocculent chromatin, mitochondrial swelling, expansion of rough endoplasmic reticulum, more lipofuscin were observed in the antigen injection rat.Immunohistochemistry showed STAT and NF-Kβlow expression in the lung of normal dog, STAT and NF-Kβpositive cells in infected dog, the positive cells showed brown, NF-Kβmore expression in the airway, STAT more expression in the lung parenchyma, significant differences exist between the two groups (X2=476, X2=521, P<0.05).STAT and NF-Kβlow expression in liver of normal dog, visible positive cells of STAT and NF-Kβin the liver of infected dog, significant necrosis of liver cells, expression can be seen in the cytoplasm and nucleus, significant difference exist between the two groups(X2-405, X2= 434, P<0.05). STAT and NF-Kβlow expression in normal rat brain, visible positive cells of STAT and NF-Kβin the brain of antigen injection rat, cortical damage zone significantly, expression can be seen in the cytoplasm and nucleus, significant difference exist between the groups (X2= 476, X2= 447, P<0.05). Conclusion:Mechanical damage and pathological inflammatory response of the lung fluke activate expression of the JAK-STAT, NF-Kβsignaling pathway in lung, liver of infected dogs and brain antigen injection rats. There are paragonimiasis in HeJiang county South Sichuan, To control paragonmiasis in South Sichuan region, comprehensive control measures and health education should be strengthened.