The Study Of Effects Of Perinatal Factors On Preschoolers' Psychological Behavior

ObjectiveTo investigate the psychological behavior status quo of preschoolers, toinvestigate perinatal factors, and to explore the effects of perinatal factors onpsychological behavior of preschoolers, with the purpose of providing preliminaryscientific information for the primary prevention and correction ofpreschoolers'psychosocial behavior problems.MethodsThe proportional stratified cluster sampling method was conducted. There were630 preschoolers and their mothers selected in four kindergartens of Jintan city.Achenbach 1.5-5–year-old Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) (parent version)and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of intelligence (WPPSI) were used toassess preschoolers'status quo of psychosocial behavior. CBCL was completed byPreschoolers'parents. WPPSI test was completed by professionals. Perinatal factorsquestionnaires were completed by preschoolers'mothers and perinatal factors scalescompleted by researchers through medical records. Statistical analysis wasconducted by t-test, Kruskal- Wallis H-test, Mann-Whitney U-test,χ2_test, multiplestepwise regression and Logistic regression. P<0.05 was regarded as the level ofsignificance. ResultResults1. There were 562 out of 630 preschoolers and their mothers effectively responserespectively in this survey and the response rate was 89.2%. The detection rate ofbehavior problems was 15.1% in total, with 15.8% in boys and 14.4% in girls.With the increasing of age, the detection rate of behavior problems decreased (P﹤0.05) and the scores of internalizing behavior, externalizing behavior, sleepproblems and total behavior problems also dropped(P﹤0.05). The detection rateof externalizing behavior problems of boys was higher than girls. Boys scoredsignificantly higher than girls on scales of attention problems and aggressivebehavior (P﹤0.05).2. Preschoolers'FIQ scores ranged from 90 to 109. Preschoolers above 4.5-year-oldwere higher than 4.5-year-old and below on VIQ, PIQ and FIQ (P﹤0.05).Therewas no significant gender difference in the same age group on VIQ, PIQ and FIQ.There was no significant difference on VIQ and PIQ in the same gender.3. The higher mother education levels, the lower scores of withdraw were found.(P﹤0.05). The preschoolers'somatic complaints, sleep problems and attentionproblems had higher scores in maternal medication than in no maternalmedication (P﹤0.05). Anxious/depressed, somatic complaints, attentionproblems and total behavior problems of preschoolers scored higher in motherschemical substances exposure than in no chemical substances exposure duringpregnancy (P﹤0.05). Preschoolers whose mother had heart disease or high bloodpressure during pregnancy got higher anxious/ depressed and total behaviorproblems scores respectively(P﹤0.05). Aggressive behavior and total behaviorproblems scored higher in mothers with negative emotion vs. feel good in the thirdtrimester (P﹤0.05).However, anxious/depressed, aggressive behavior and totalbehavior problems had lower scores in mother oxytocin use vs. no oxytocin use(P ﹤0.05).In addition, fetal distress caused emotionally reactive, withdraw, sleepproblems and total behavior problems scores dropped(P﹤0.05). Neonatal oxygentherapy also could lower attention problems score(P﹤0.05). The emotionallyreactive, sleep problems and total behavior problems of preschoolers scoredhigher in mother postnatal depression(P﹤0.05).4. The higher mother education levels, the higher scores of VIQ, PIQ and FIQ(P﹤0.05). Maternal hemoglobin content in the third trimester showed positivecorrelation with VIQ and FIQ(P﹤0.05). Moreover, the score of VIQ was higher inmother oxytocin use vs. no oxytocin use(P﹤0.05). And scores of VIQ and FIQincreased significantly in preschoolers with 3000g or more of birth weight vs. lessthan 3000g (P﹤0.05).5. The scores of IQ showed significantly negative correlation with scores of CBCLin preschoolers(P﹤0.05).6. The risk factors of preschoolers'behavior problems included: maternalmedication, mothers chemical substances expsoure, with high blood pressure andheart disease during pregnancy (OR=2.811;OR=3.670; OR=2.495; OR=7.191).The risk factors of internalizing behavior problems included: chemicalsubstances exposure, with heart disease during pregnancy and with negativeemotion in the third trimester (OR=3.289; OR=2.140;OR=8.509). The riskfactors of externalizing behavior problems included: maternal medication andmother chemical substances exposure during pregnancy (OR=2.410; OR=2.979).ConclusiConclusion1. The detection rate of preschoolers'behavior problems was higher, especially in3～4 year-old group maximum, and the higher scores of behavior in the younger.Boys scored significantly higher than girls on scales of attention problems andaggressive behavior. 2. Preschoolers'FIQ scores ranged from 90 to 109. VIQ, PIQ and FIQ weregradually increasing with the age growth .3. The scores of IQ showed significantly negative correlation with scores of CBCLin preschoolers.4. Mother education levels influenced significantly on the healthy development ofpreschoolers psychological behavior. Therefore, the mother should activelyimprove self-cultivation and obtain the knowledge of prenatal care and child care.These will be conducive to the health development of children's psychologicalbehavior.5. Maternal medication, mother chemical substances exposure, with high bloodpressure, heart disease, negative emotion during pregnancy and postnataldepression significantly affected the health development of preschoolers'psychological behavior. Reducing the influences of perinatal adverse factors andstrengthening health care during pregnancy were important to the healthdevelopment of preschoolers'psychological behavior.