Dietary Patterns In Pregnancy And Association With Pregnancy Outcome Among Fuzhou Women

Objectives: To investigate the lifestyle and diet of pregnant women in Fuzhou, and to learn the possible associations between maternal dietary patterns and gestational weight gain, birth size and GDM or GIGT, in order to provide nutritional guidelines and dietary intervention for better pregnancy outcome.Methods: Mothers entering Fujian Province Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Nov. 2009 to Dec.2010 were randomly chosen to complete a questionnaire concerning socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and food-frequency during pregnancy, 466 women were followed up to delivery and asked the pregnancy outcome. Principal Components Analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. The component scores were considered as the outcome variables to determine any association with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors using non-parameter correlate analysis. The association between dietary patterns and maternal weight gain and birth size were assessed by multiple linear regression, adjusting for the potential confounders. Relative risks of GDM or GIGT were estimated as odds ratios (OR) and confounder control was performed with binary logistic regression. All analyses were performed using SPSS 13.0.Results: Compared to the Dietary pagoda for pregnancy women in the second and third trimester recommended by Chinese Nutrition Society, intake of cereals, potatoes, beans soy, vegetables, nuts and dairy products are slightly less than the recommended amount, while, fish, poultry, eggs, meat (including pluck) slightly larger than the recommended amount, however, daily intake of fruit is more than twice the recommended amount. Seven dietary patterns were established and labeled to best describe the types of diet being consumed in pregnancy. The'meat and broth'component described a diet based on flour, meat, broth and poultry. The 'seafood'component loaded highly on prawns, crabs, shellfish and fish. The'cereal and been'was characterized by soy bean, snack and cereals. The'egg and dairy product'was associated with eggs, rice and dairy products. The'nuts and poultry'was characterized by nuts and poultry. The'potatoes and fruit'component loaded highly on potatoes and fruit. The'pluck and vegetable'was associated with high intake of pluck and meat. Pregnant women of different education backgrounds, occupations,living area and family monthly income preferred to different dietary patterns. Gestational age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain and parity were positively associated with birth size. The'potatoes and fruit'pattern,'egg and dairy product'pattern and'meat and broth'pattern were positively associated (B =0.524, 0.458 and 0.410 respectively) with gestational weight gain and the'potatoes and fruit'pattern was associated with a higher risk of GDM or GIGT (OR=2.909, p=0.05). The risk remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders.Conclusion: Pregnant women should be guided to have a well-planned, balanced, healthy diet during pregnancy, especially reduce the intake of fruit, in order to avoid rapid gestational weight gain and GDM or GIGT.