Study On The Extraction Technology, Chemical Composition Analysis And Active Function Of Valeriana Volatile Oil

There are about 250 species in Valeriana of officinalis in the world, most of which are distributed over temperate zone. There are 17 species and 2 varieties valeriana plants in China, most of which are distributed over southwest, northwest and northeast. The modern pharmacological and clinical experiments have proved that Valeriana L Herb have the functions of sedation, hypnosis, antisepsis, antivirosis protecting heart, anticarcinogenic and so on. Volatile oil is one of the mostly effective active components of the species. In plants there are many secondary substances called volatile oils, which are one of the hot spots in the field of chemical composition and biological activity because of their physiological functions.The extraction process of volatile oils from V. officinalis var.latifolia Miq.in western Hunan by methods of steam distillation and Soxhlet extraction was systematically studied in this paper and the two characteristics of the extracted volatile oil that it scavenged free radical and inhibited bacteria were studied by activity of antibody in vitro. Conclusions were as follows:1. In order to obtain essential oil from valeriana, methods of steam distillation and Soxhlet extraction were investigated. The optimum conditions of steam distillation were as follows:the proportion of material to water 1:4(g/ml), extracting for 3 h and degree of fragmentation 2.0 mm. And the optimum conditions of Soxhlet extraction were as follows:solid-liquid ratio 1:9,temperature 85℃and extraction time 2 h.2. The effective components from valeriana volatile oils by two methods were determined with GC/MS. Results showed that there were 49 compounds identified by steam distillation, the main components of which were sesquiterpene and monoterpenes and 51 compounds were identified by Soxhlet extraction,the main components of which were bornyl acetate and camphene.3. Experiments were studied on biological activities in vitro of Valeriana officinalis L. volatile oils and conclusions were as follows:(1) In the experiment of scavenging free radicals, the volatile oils extracted by Soxhlet extraction showed scavenging effects on hydroxyl radical('OH), superoxide anion radical (·OH) and DPPH, and the scavenging order was DPPH>·OH> O2·The half scavenging concentration (IC50) was 0.43 mg/mL,0.51 mg/mL and 42.26 mg/mL, respectively. The scavenging effect of volatile oils extracted by steam distillation was not as good as volatile oils extracted by Soxhlet extraction.(2) The antibacterial experiment in vitro showed that the volatile oils extracted by Soxhlet extraction had inhibitory effect on Staphyloclccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Excherichia coli and Mucor racemosus. The inhibiting order of the crude extracts of kumquat flavone was S.aureus>B.subtilis>E.coli>M.racemosus. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) was 0.63 mg/mL,1.25 mg/mL,1.25 mg/mL and 2.50 mg/mL, respectively. The half inhibiting time (IT50) was 4.56 h,5.71 h,6.47 h and 9.67 h, respectively. The volatile oils extracted by steam distillation had inhibitory effect on Staphyloclccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Excherichia coli, Aspergillus niger.The inhibiting order was B. subtilis>S.aureus>E. coli>A.sniger. MIC was 1.25 mg/mL,2.50 mg/mL,2.50 mg/mL and 2.50 mg/mL, respectively. IT50 was 4.02 h,5.16 h,6.27 h and 7.56 h, respectively.