| Purpose:"Population Aging"is a sign of progress of human society, and an inevitable trend of the development of the world's population. General improvement of the living condition and the medical medical standards constantly extends the average life span of human and social aging population increased each year. According to the results of the 5th Population Census in 2000, China's population aged 65 and above is 6.96% of the total population, which increased by 1.39 percentage points compared with the results of the census in 1990. This shows that China has gradually grown into aging society. The elderly in China is not a small group. To study on the law of aging and anti-aging role and mechanism of movement and thereby comprehensively improve the level of fitness and health of older persons will have important theoretical value and practical significance. Senescence is an irreversible physiological process which nobody is able to get rid in the world.Learning and memory is a high-level intelligence activities of the brain, which is one of the most unique physiological characteristics of the higher animals and humans. Improving learning and memory ability and the prevention and treatment of learning and memory disorders is important issue to explore the potential of human intelligence. In recent years, as a physical fitness movement, winter swimming has already received people's more and more attention. The study found that winter swimming has a positive effect to Cardio-cerebral vascular system and Respiratory and Endocrine system and Immune System. Can winter swimming affect the function of brain so as to increase learning and memory capacity and relieve anxiety as well as other appropriate exercise? What is the mechanism? The purpose of this study is to investigate whether winter swimming can help promote the learning and memory capacity and decelerate brain senescence, by adjusting certain sensitive indicators of neural senescence in the hippocampus or enhance brain's antioxidant capacity; and open up new areas.Methods: The subjects are 50 male mice of Kunming species, and exercise intervention is a ten-week forced winter swimming training. Mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, respectively young control group, model senile group, model warm swimming group, model cold stimulation group, model cold-exercise group, with 10 in each group.Young control mice was conventionally bred, D-galactose model mice have a three-minutes swimming once a day in water at 25℃. D-galactose cold stimulation model group have three-minutes cold stimulation in water at 10℃. D-galactose movement model group have a three-minutes swimming once a day from Monday to Saturday.On Sunday, training is stopped and weighing is carried out. When the experiment was carried out to the ninth week, five mice are randomly selected from each group. With use of eight-arm maze ,their behavioral learning and memory capacity is tested as well as their reference memory errors and working memory errors.Ten weeks later, the vitality of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA), lipofuscin (LP) in the Cerebral Cortex of mice are detected as well as the vitality of Acetylcholinesterase (TchE), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the content of Nitric oxide (NO) in the hippocampus of mice.Results: 1. Low-temperature cold water stimulation or winter swimming both can reduce mouse's working memory error frequency, reference memory error frequency(P<0.05), and obviously enhance mouse's spatial learning and memory ability. 2. Winter swimming can incarese the vitality of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.01) and decrease the the content of malodialdehyde and lipofusin (P<0.05) in the mice's cerebral cortex; low-temperature cold water stimulation and winter-swimming both can obviously decline vitality of acetycholinesterase and nitric oxide synthase in mouse's hippocampus, and can obviously decrease the contents of nitric oxide(P<0.01) in mouse's cerebral cortex.Conclusion: 1. Long-term moderate low-temperature water stimulation and winter-swimming both, to some extent, can facilitate mice's spacial learning and memory capacity. They may increase the contents of Ach by inhibiting the vitality of Tche in the hippocampus of mice, so as to enhance learning and memory capacity or decrease the vitality and contents of nitric oxide synthase in the hippocampus, so as to enhance learning and memory capacity and decelerate the progress of brain senescence.2. Long-term moderate low-temperature water stimulation or winter-swimming can improve brain'capability of free radical scavenging by enhancing the function of brain's antioxidant system, so as to reduce the extent of brain lipid peroxidation and thereby decelerate brain senescence. |
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