| The research was carried out on the effect of inorganic elements on the chinese medicinal plant.The materials were wild(scutellaria),cultivation medicinal materials(rhizome chuanxiong) and materials cultivated under heavy metal stress(Arterinisia apiacea, woad, Schizonepeta). The research included several parts:(1) The effect of inorganic elements in soil on the contents of inorganic elements and effective components in the wild chinese medicinal plant;(2) The effect of developing phase on the accumulation and distribution of the inorganic elements in cultivation medicinal materials;(3) The effect of cadmium on the antioxidant system and artemisinin content of Arterinisia apiacea;(4) The effect of cadmium and lead on the antioxidant system and indirubin content of woad and on the antioxidant system of Schizonepeta. The main results and conclusions as follows:1. During the same population, inorganic elements in soil had less effect on the content of inorganic elements in scutellaria.In the distribution area, inorganic elements in soil had obvious effect on the content of inorganic elements in scutellaria, especially calcium(Ca), iron(Fe), magnesium(Mg), manganese(Mn), phosphor(P). There was significant positive relevance between the content in medicinal plant and in soil of Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn and P. The production place had less effect on the content order of inorganic elements in scutellaria, the content order of inorganic elements in soil and the transfer ability order of different inorganic elements in scutellaria. The content order of inorganic elements in soil is the same as the order in scutellaria. This means that the content of different inorganic elements in scutellaria may be pro rata. In scutellaria, phosphor(P) and strontium(Sr) had strong transfer ability, iron(Fe), potassium(K), copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), calcium(Ca) and magnesium(Mg) had medium transfer ability, and the transfer ability of chromium(Cr) and manganese(Mn) was weak. The tendency of the effect of inorganic elements on the content of chemical components might be depend on the polarity of chemical components. Among the inorganic elements tested in this research, most had negative correlation with the chemical components of high or medium polarity, and had positive correlation with the chemical components with low polarity. Potassium(K) and magnesium(Mg) had significant positive relevance with many chemical components.2. The change with the growth period of the content and transfer capability of inorganic elements in the rhizome and leaf of rhizome chuanxiong reflected the element requirement of rhizome chuanxiong in different growth stages. In seedling and stooling stage,many inorganic elements' content, allocation proportion and transfer capability in leaf were higher than in rhizome. The content of many inorganic elements in rhizome were highest in harvest time. But in harvest time, some inorganic elements'allocation proportion in rhizome were higher than in leaf. The growth stage had less effect on the transfer ability order of different inorganic elements in rhizome chuanxiong, and the transfer ability order of different elements in rhizome was the same as that in the leaf and stem. The accumulation coefficient of Cd in leaf and stem was bigger than in rhizome in seedling and stooling stage, and smaller than in rhizome in harvest stage. The accumulation coefficient of Pb in leaf and stem was bigger than in rhizome in all growth stages. With the grow time elongation, the total content of Cd and Pb in rhizome chuanxiong reduced, but their allocation proportion in rhizome increased, and their content in rhizome increased.3. With the growth of Cd stress concentration and time, the content of Cd in stemleaf of Arterinisia apiacea increased, and the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid decreased.Chlb was more sensitive than Chla to Cd stress. The conductivity was sensitive to Cd stress, and its increasing speed and extent enhanced when the stress concentration improved. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content had no significant change in the experiment. The peroxidase (POD) activity only increased after the concentration of Cd arrived some degree, and its increasing speed and extent enhanced when the stress concentration improved. The activity of catalase (CAT) was enhanced, and its increasing speed and extent enhanced when the stress concentration improved. CAT kept high activity for a long time. The Ascorbic acid (ASA) content had no significant change, but the Glutathione (GSH) content increased significantly. The increasing speed and amplitude of artemisinin improved with the growth of stress concentration. At the later stage of Cd stress, every index was unusual, this might be caused by the increasing toxicity of Cd to Arterinisia apiacea.4. The absorb ability of woad to Cd or Pb was strong, and it could accumulate Cd strongly. As the growth of stress concentration, the content of Cd in stemleaf and root of woad increased,but the absorb ability of woad to Cd and Pb increased firstly and then decreased.Cd and Pb inhibited the growth of woad, and the extent enhanced with the growth of stress concentration and time. Under Cd stress,the chlorophyll content decreased significantly, but the carotenoid content had no significant change.Pb improved the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid, and the extent enhanced with the growth of stress concentration and time. The conductivity was sensitive to Cd or Pb stress, it increased when the stress concentration improved. MDA content increased significantly at later stage of stress. Under Pb or Cd stress, POD activity was inhibited at initial stage of stress,but recovered at later stage,and its recovering speed and extent was greater under Pb stress than under Cd stress. The activity of CAT was enhanced under Cd stress.Under Pb stress, the variation trend of CAT activity was the same as POD. The Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased when the stress extent of Cd or Pb was low,but was inhibited when the extent was high. The content of indirubin decreased significantly in the woad under Cd stress,increased significantly in the woad under Pb stress. All of this lead to the idea that woad was alive in the soil of extreme or very strong toxicity of Cd or Pb may be for it has great tolerance ability to peroxidation stress.5. The absorb ability of Schizonepeta to Cd or Pb was weak. As the growth of stress concentration, the content of Cd in stemleaf and root of Schizonepeta increased,but the absorb ability of Schizonepeta to Cd decreased significantly,to Pb increased firstly and then decreased, and Schizonepeta only accumulated Cd when its content in soil was low. Cd promoted the growth of Schizonepeta at initial stage,but inhibited its growth at later stage. Pb inhibited the growth of Schizonepeta, but the extent reduced with the growth of stress time. Under Cd or Pb stress,the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid increased initially and decreased at later stage. The conductivity increased with the growth of stress concentration, decreased with the growth of stress time. The MDA content increased initially and decreased at later stage. The POD activity increased at medium Cd stress,decreased at high Cd stress,and the variation trend of POD activity was opposite under Pb stress. The activity of CAT was enhanced under Cd or Pb stress,and its increasing speed and extent enhanced with the growth of stress concentration and time. The APX activity was increased under Cd or Pb stress. All of this lead to the idea that Schizonepeta has the ability of balancing the content of Cd, and its antioxidant ability is powerful, so it was alive in the soil of extreme or very strong toxicity of Cd or Pb. |
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