The Living Research Of Clinical Anatomy Of Chinese Renal Pelvis And Calices

Objective:To evaluate the clinical anatomic type of renal pelvis and calices of Chinese by living research in order to provide morphology basis for treating diseases of pelvis and calices in clinic, especially minimally invasive surgery.Methods:50 adult volunteers (100sides of kidney), from 26 males and 24 females, received intravenous pyelography (IVP) and 16 slice CT scaning. Then stereo morphological map of pelvis and calices were shown through three-dimensional reconstruction of CT. The space structure of renal pelvis and calices were evaluated through the process of controllable rotation and multi-angle observation.Results:(1) Each kidney presents 11.2 minor calices in average, which has significant difference neither between the sexes nor between the sides. The minor calyx can be divided into two groups according the shape:one has neck, termed cervical style and the other no, named non-cervical style. The ratio of the former to the latter is 7.38:1, and which has no difference between the sexes. As one kind of minor calices, the non-cervical calices accounts 11.93% of the total. (2) There are 17 sides kidneys which present upper, middle and lower three major calices simultaneously, and 74 sides kidneys which exist upper and lower two major calices simultaneously, however,10 sides kidneys which have no major calices, in which renal calices open into pelvis directly. The proportion of amount of kidney of three conditions is 1.7:7.4:1. The occurrence rate of the middle renal major calyx is 38%. (3) There are 3 types of pelvis:mature-type ampulla (44 sides), embryos-type ampulla (10 sides) and branching type (47 sides), the proportion of three of type is 4.4:1:4.7 in amount.Conclusions:there is no significant difference in amount of minor calices between the sexes and between the sides. The occurrence rate of minor calyx of cervical style is higher than that of non-cervical, and which has no difference between the sexes. The kidney with upper and lower 2 major calices is the most common form, with the upper, middle and lower 3 major calices is usual, and with no calyx is rare. In the types of renal pelvis, mature-type ampulla and Branching type are popular, and embryos-type ampulla is rare.