The Preparation Of Multifunctional Nanoparticles And Their Use For Cancer Detection And Cure

Since the introduction of the concept of nanoscale science and technology by R. Feynman,a famous American physical scientist, in 1959, nanotechnology has been paid great attention and developed rapidly. The development of the nanotechnology based on modern advanced technology not only promotes the development of some other subjects, but comes into existence many new interdisciplines as well. Nanobiological technology,one of the frontier subjects today, is composed of nanotechnology and the life science and has a bright future for the industry development.This paper is focused on the research of the multifunctional nanoparticles that are used to cure and detect cancer cells in biosystem.(1) The chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles were prepared as carriers of 5-Fluorouracil (CS-5-Fu MNPs) through a reverse microemulsion method. The characteristics of CS-5-Fu MNPs were determined by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FTIR spectroscopy and vibrating-sampling magnetometry (VSM). It was found that the synthesized CS-5-Fu MNPs were spherical in shape with an average size of 100±20 nm, low aggregation and good magnetic responsivity. Meanwhile, the drug content and encapsulation rate of the nanoparticles was 16–23% and 60–92%, respectively. These CS–5-Fu MNPs also demonstrated sustained release of 5-Fu at 37℃in different buffer solutions. Moreover, the growth of K562 and SPCA-1cancer cells were obviously suppressed by CS-5-Fu MNPs. The result showed that CS-5-Fu MNPs retained significant antitumor activities and can be an ideal candidate for drug release with magnetic targeting.(2) The silica-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles were synthesized via the reverse microemulsion method. The surface of the nanoparticles was modified with amino group. Then the functional magnetic nanoparticles were coupled with QDs to form magnetic/luminescent silica-coated nanocomposites. The conjugation of Mouse monoclonal anti-CEA antibody to the nanocomposites was prepared by activated with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimides hydrochloride (EDC) as a coupling reagent. The bioactivity and binding specificity of the as-prepared immunonanoparticles were confirmed via incubating with targeting lung cancer cells. The characteristics of nanoparticles were determined by using TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, VSM and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry. The silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles had spherical in shape, low aggregation and good magnetic responsivity. The confocal laser scanning microscope images showed the immunonanoparticles can successfully separate and label SPCA-1 cells, but cannot detect K562,MRC-5 cells. Moreover, immunonanoparticles can also detect cancer cells by incubating with pleural effusion for 1h. We believe exploiting multifunctional nanocomposites can provide a rapid and sensitive candidate for lung cancer early detection.