Study On Factors Related To Pregnancy And Neonatal Birth Size

Objectives The purpose of the study is to provide scientific basis for health care of pregnant women, and to decrease the rate of low birth weight and fetal macrosomia of newborn infant by exploring the effect between factors related to pregnancy and neonatal birth size.Methods A total of 500 pregnant women who take part in antenatal health care in Anhui provincial hospital from December 15,2005 to August 15,2006 were participated in study. Pregnant women who were not enrolled in the study if they planned to delivering baby in other hospitals or had abortion, multiparity, fetal death or if they were not willing to participated in the study. A prospective study was designed; data at baseline were collected in the first trimester of pregnancy, including height, weight, blood pressure, blood routing, etc. Information on maternal age, socioeconomic status, gravidities, gestational age, antenatal check-up, health education in pregnancy, weight gain and body mass index (BMI) were obtained by professional person. The results of blood biochemistry were collected by clinical lab of Anhui provincial hospital.Statistical analysis were performed SAS software (version 8.1) and Stata (version 9.0). The effects were analyzed by comparing the frequencies of various variables in the mentioned groups. Variables were compared using generality delineation, analysis of variance, student t-test, chi-square test, correlation and logistic regression etc.Results Analytic results indicated that a variety of health risks take affect on pregnancy outcomes, especially in neonatal birth weight and height. There was statistical association between neonatal birth size and maternal education level, occupation, resident districts, health education, and so on, respectively.In the study sample, elementary school and illiteracy group had statistical significance from university and above in neonatal birth weight .The higher educational level, the greater the birth size of newborn infant. There was statistical significance in varied occupation, similar as resident districts and neonatal birth size. There was statistical significance between neonatal birth weight and maternal health education. There was no visible dependability between gravidities and birth size. There was positive correlation between times of antenatal checkups and neonatal birth size, the similar as gestational days, that is the longer the gestational days the higher the neonatal birth size.There was positive correlation between BMI before pregnancy and neonatal birth size. According to BMI, we divide objects to three groups, (i.e. lean, normal, and overweight/obese. There was statistical significance between neonatal birth size and three groups, but the rate of macrosomia was different fairly, the rate of macrosomia in overweight/obese group was higher than in lean group, there was positive correlation between weight gain during pregnancy and neonatal birth size, as weight gain birth size gain. There was positive correlation between neonatal birth size and albumin of pregnant women, but had no correlation with pre-albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and serum glucose. The result shows that education level, health education, gravidity, pre-pregnant BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, gestational age , albumin enter equations, while gestational age, BMI before pregnancy, weight before pregnancy are correlation with birth size by stepwise linear regression analysis.It is evident that education level, health education, gravidity , BMI before pregnancy ,weight gain during pregnancy, gestational age , plasma albumin and weight before pregnancy are risk factors of low birth weight, while in macrosomia, gestational age, pre-pregnancy weight, and weight gain during pregnancy are risk factors by polytomous logistic multiple regression. Conclusion Maternal education level, occupation , resident districts , times of antenatal check-up times, gestational age, health education and albumin may affect neonatal birth size ; there was positive correlation between BMI before pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy and neonatal birth size , while there was no statistical significance between prealbumin , total cholesterol, triglyceride , serum glucose and neonatal birth size. Objective To explore the influence of education level, occupation, and related living condition upon the pregnancy and postpartum women for appropriate psychological nursing, health programme to them.Methods All the participants including 518 hospitalized pregnancy women from July 2006 to March 2007 who were assessed by the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) . Statistical analysis were performed using Epi-Info software, SAS (version 8.1) . The effects were analyzed by comparing the frequencies of various variables in the mentioned groups. Variables were compared using generality delineation, analysis of variance, student t-test, chi-square test, logistic regression etc.Results Pregnancy women have higher scores of SDS and SAS in pregnancy and laboring, especially for those of who have lower level education or living in countryside with poor condition and lower family income etc.( P < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that education level, occupation, family income are protective factors for anxiety and depression , while living in countryside or not accepting health programme during pregnancy and sickness are risk factors for anxiety , and not accepting health programme during pregnancy is risk factor for depression.Conclusion There was a period of psychological stress in pregnancy and laboring. Pregnancy women have significantly anxiety and depression, which it is related to occupation, education level, living condition, family income, antenatal health education programme, etc. Hence, they need extensive attention and support by nursing personnel and all the society.