The Comparison Of Arsenic Species In Urine Between Intaking Seafood And Drinking Water

ObjectiveArsenic is a sort of venomous metalloid elements extensively exist in the nature-confirmed carcinogen-authenticated by both CDC(Home Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and IARC(International Agency For Research On Cancer).In our daily life,human beings come into contact with arsenic compounds through alimentary canal,respire tract,skin,etc.Hitherto,approximately two hundred million people suffers from drinking water with exceed inorganic arsenic concentration,which renders toxicosis caused by high arsenic water a worldwide highlighted hygiene theme. Typical Arsenism pathological changes are skin pigment abnormity or keratosis,indeed, cancer.Furthermore,infection can spread to multiple apparatus system,for instance, respiratory system,digestive system,circulatory system,central nervous system,etc. As a severe consequence,multiple organ tumour may follow subsequently.Studies in vivo of inorganic arsenic metabolism help research into the pathogenic mechanism of inorganic arsenic as well as look for efficient treatment to arsenism. Accordingly,inorganic arsenic metabolism in the body's has become one of the focus on arsenic toxicosis.Study shows that:inorganic arsenic metabolize in the human body rapidly,its half-life is very short,for about 4 days.In scientific studies,assessment of urinary arsenic is widely used to evaluate arsenic exposure level for that urine is the main excretion of human intake of arsenic:the daily arsenic intake of 60%-70% excreted in the urine directly.Rationally,the form and content of urinary arsenic are essential targets to investigate human metabolism.Field epidemiological investigation used to evaluate arsenic exposure based on urinary arsenic,with the purpose of providing a reference to determine their state of illness.In addition,besides drinking water,diet—especially intake of seafood—can arouse arsenic exposure.Studies have shown that there are a large number of complex organic arsenic compounds in seafood,whereas the content of inorganic arsenic is relatively low.Unfortunately,although seafood contains high levels of total arsenic,the intake of seafood is still regarded as innocuity at least for the moment.The study primarily focused on the law of urinary arsenic excretion after the mass intake of seafood.And that,by comparing the concentration of arsenic species in urine among inhabits in arsenic exposed region,inhabits in beach,and control studys,our research can discuss whether intaking seafood have an influence on using arsenic concentration in urine as a index to evaluate inorganic expose and inorganic metabolism.Methods1,Study subjectsThe subjects in arsenic in seafood metabolism study were students in China Medical University.The cross-sectional study were performed at four villages(Ankang in Dandong, Liaoning province China,Tabushai,Koukenban,Naimoba near Hohhot,InnerMongolia, China).Subjects in Ankang consume seafood daily.In the two neighbor villages (Koukenban and Naimoban) in InnerMongolia,centralized tap-water systems were established in 1998 and supplied water to all villagers for daily life.Unfortunately,the new tap-water contained high concentrations of iAs,as much as 160μg/L and 90μg/L respectively.All villagers in the two high arsenic-exposed villages were informed before the investigation.The inhabits in bainjiatun were selected as control groups.2,Sample CollectionThe subjects in arsenic in seafood metabolism study were restricted to intake no seafood for 3 days before study,and then intook seaweed with meal for one time.Urine was collected at the time when the control began,the time before intaking seaweed and 1,3,5,12,24,36,48,60 and 72 hours after intaking seaweed.During the period of sample collection,the subjects were still restricted to intake no seafood.The urine of the study in cross-sectional study was collected in the moming without food control.The samples(10 mL) were obtained in 15-mL polypropylene tubes(SARSTEDT, Japan) and kept in ice box,and then conveyed to the laboratory in China Medical University3,Determination of urinary arsenicmetabolitesDetermination of arsenic species,iAs,MMA,DMA and TMA in urine,was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer(AA-6800,Shimadzu Co.Kyoto, Japan) with an arsenic speciation pretreatment system(ASA-2sp,Shimadzu Co.Kyoto, Japan).The arsenic speciation was based on the well-established hydride generation of volatile arsines,followed by cryogenic separation in liquid nitrogen.The detection limits of the hydride generation and atomic absorption spectrometry(HG-AAS) method for four arsenic species were 1ng respectively.Briefly,1mL of urine thawed at roomtemperature from -80℃was digested with 2N-NaOH solutions at 100℃for 3 h in a 15-mL polymethylpentene test tube followed by dilution with Milli-Q water.The assay samples were stirred once every 60 min.The absorbance of arsenic in the digested urine samples was determined at 193.7 nm.4,Statistical analysisData analysis was carried out with SPSS software(version 13.0,PSS Inc., Chicago,IL,USA).One-way ANOVA and LSD test were performed to determine the statistical significance.Results1,The results of arsenic in seafood metabolism study There is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of total arsenic at 8h, 24h after intaking seaweed,a significant increase in the urinary concentration of iAs at 3h after intaking seaweed,a significant increase in the urinary concentration of MMA, 3h,5h,8h,12h,24h after intaking seaweed,a significant increase in the urinary concentration of DMA,at 3h,5h,8h,12h,24h after intaking seaweed.There is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of total arsenic at 8h,12h,24h,36h,48h after intaking laver,a significant increase in the urinary concentration of iAs at 3h,8h,12h,36h,60h,72h after intaking laver,a significant increase in the urinary concentration of MMA,3h,8h,24h,36h,48h,60h,72h after intaking laver,a significant increase in the urinary concentration of DMA,at 8h,12h,24h,36h,48h,60h after intaking laver.In male group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of total arsenic at 8h,12h,24h,36h after intaking seaweed,in female group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of total arsenic at 8h,12h,24h,36h after intaking seaweed.In male group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of total arsenic at 24h,36h,48h,60h,72h after intaking laver,in female group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of total arsenic at 8h,12h,24h,36h,48h,60h after intaking laver.In male group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of iAs at 8h,12h after intaking seaweed,in female group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of iAs at 8h,12h after intaking seaweed.In male group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of iAs at 3h,8h,36h,60h after intaking laver,in female group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of iAs at 8h,12h,60h after intaking laver.In male group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of MMA at 5h after intaking seaweed,in female group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of MMA at 5h after intaking seaweed.In male group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of MMA at 3h,5h,24h,36h,48h, 60h,72h after intaking laver,in female group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of MMA at8h,36h,60h after intaking laver.In male group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of DMA at 12h,24h,36h after intaking seaweed,in female group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of DMA at 12h,24h,36h after intaking seaweed.In male group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of DMA at 24h,36h,48h,60h after intaking laver,in female group,there is a significant increase in the urinary concentration of DMA at 8h,12h,24h,36h,48h,60h after intaking laver.2,The results of cross-sectional study(1) total arsenic concentration in urineThere is a significant difference in the total arsenic concentration in urine between the 0.16mg/l arsenic-exposed group and the control group,between the 0.09mg/l arsenic-exposed group and the control group,and between the 0.16mg/l arsenic-exposed group and the 0.09mg/l arsenic-exposed group.There is a significant difference in total arsenic concentration in urine between the sea village group and 0.16mg/l arsenic-exposed group,and between the sea village group and the control group.There is no statistical difference between the sea village group and the 0.09mg/l arsenic-exposed group.(2) iAs concentration in urineThere is a significant difference in the iAs concentration in urine between the 0.16mg/l arsenic-exposed group and the control group,between the 0.09mg/l arsenic-exposed group and the control group,and between the 0.16mg/l arsenic-exposed group and the 0.09mg/l arsenic-exposed group.There is a significant difference in iAs concentration in urine between the sea village group and 0.16mg/l arsenic-exposed group,and between the sea village group and the 0.09mg/l arsenic-exposed group.There is no statistical difference between the sea village group and the control group.(3) MMA concentration in urine There is a significant difference in the MMA concentration in urine between the 0.16mg/l arsenic-exposed group and the control group,between the 0.09mg/l arsenic-exposed group and the control group,and between the 0.16mg/l arsenic-exposed group and the 0.09mg/l arsenic-exposed group.There is a significant difference in MMA concentration in urine between the sea village group and 0.16mg/l arsenic-exposed group,and between the sea village group and the 0.09mg/l arsenic-exposed group.There is no statistical difference in MMA concentration in urine between the sea village group and the control group.(4) DMA concentration in urineThere is a significant difference in the DMA concentration in urine between the 0.16mg/l arsenic-exposed group and the control group,between the 0.09mg/l arsenic-exposed group and the control group,and between the 0.16mg/l arsenic-exposed group and the 0.09mg/l arsenic-exposed group.There is a significant difference in DMA concentration in urine between the sea village group and 0.16mg/l arsenic-exposed group,and between the sea village group and the 0.09mg/l arsenic-exposed group.There is no statistical difference in DMA concentration in urine between the sea village group and the control group.(5) TMA concentration in urineTMA was not detected in the sample of 0.16mg/l arsenic-exposed group,0.09mg/l arsenic-exposed group and the control group.The TMA concentration in urine of sea village group is 72.66±43.74μg/l.Conclusion1,Different arsenic species shows different extinctive peak in urine after intaking seafood.2,The extinction rate in female group is higher than the extinction rate in male group.3,Total arsenic in urine is not a good index to evaluate arsenic expose.4,Arsenic species in urine in a suitable index to evaluate arsenic expose.