| Objective: Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common digestive tract malignant tumors, which is one of the main tumor which harm human health too. It was the second tumor killer in western countries. In our country, the incidence rate of colorectal carcinoma is increasing with the development of people's life and the alteration of the dietary. Although therapy methods have been improved, survival rate of five years is still very low. Tumor invasion and metastasis are the major cause of death in patients with colorectal carcinoma. It is important to study the metastasis associated factors so as to reveal the essence of tumor metastasis.The invasion and metastasis of malignancy is a complicated process including cell defluxion, metabasis, adhesion, angiogenesis and escaping immunoreactions. Recent studies have showed that many kinds of protein are involved in the process of metastasis, regulating or promoting the metastatic ability of the cancer cell. Galectins is a family of animal lectins defined byβ-galactoside affinity widely seen in mammalian. To date, 14 mammalian members in galectin family have been sequenced. Galectin-3 expresses generally in endothelial cell and immunological cell participates in many biological courses. The studies indicate that Galectin-3 is also involved in cell-matrix interaction, angiogenesis, the process of invasion and metastasis in the dissemination and effusion of tumor cells. To detect the level of Galectin-3 is very important for understanding the metastasis of tumor and evaluating prognosis. Matrixmetalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) is one of the matrixmetalloproteinases(MMPs), which can degrade extracellular matrix(ECM) and basement membrane(BM). MMP-2 can regulate the biological behavior of tumor cells, such as invasion, metastasis and so on. MUC-1 is a kind of mucin, which can strengthen the adhesion of tumor cells and basement membrane, such as laminin, fibronectin and typeⅣcollagen, and promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor. The immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expressions of Galectin-3, MMP-2 and MUC-1 in normal colonic epithelium,borderline tissues and colorectal carcinoma, and the correlation between expressions of Galectin-3, MMP-2 and MUC-1 in the carcinomatous tissues of colorectal carcinoma and clinical pathologic factors of the cancer, and to explore the role of Galectin-3, MMP-2 and MUC-1 in pathogenesis and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma so that some fundamental data might be supplied to the study of metastasis-associated factors.Methods: Collect tissues from 54 colorectal adenoca patients by surgical operation, 12 with borderline tissues and 15 with normal intestine tissues. 16 male, 38 women. Age from 45-72 years old, the average is 57 years old. 26 poorly-differentiated, 28 well-differentiated. 29 Dukes classification AB, 25 Dukes classification CD. And None had accepted the treatment of any anti-tumor before operation. All of samples were fixed by neutrality formalin solutions, embedded by paraffin, sliced in to 4μm slice, using immunohistochemistry two-step method, examining Galectin-3, MMP-2 and MUC-1 expression in the tissue. The 3 proteins (Galectin-3, MMP-2 and MUC-1) were detected and the correlation among them were studied using involved statistic methods such as the chi-square test and Spearman correlation of ranks test, etc. And P value less than 0.05 is considered to significantly different.Result:1 The positive rate of Galectin-3 is 81.48%(44/54) in the colorectal carcinoma, 41.67%(5/12) in the borderline tissues, and 40.00%(6/15) in the normal intestine tissues. The expression of the Galectin-3 in colorectal carcinoma was significantly higher than normal colonic epithelium and borderline tissues, which has statistical significance (p<0.05); and the positive rate of Galectin-3 between the normal intestine tissues and the borderline tissues has no statistical significance (p>0.05). The expression of the Galectin-3 in colorectal carcinoma has no relation with some clinical parameters including age, sex, size(p>0.05); The expression of the Galectin-3 in colorectal carcinomas with poorly differentiated was significantly higher than that of the well differentiated one(p<0.05); The expression of the Galectin-3 in colorectal carcinomas with invasion of the adventitia was significantly higher than that without invasion of the adventitia one (p<0.05); The expression of the Galectin-3 in colorectal carcinomas with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that without lymph node metastasis one (p<0.05); The expression of the Galectin-3 in colorectal carcinomas of Dukes AB stage was significantly higher than that of Dukes CD stage one(p<0.05).2 The positive rate of MMP-2 is 83.33%(45/54) in the colorectal carcinoma, 50.00%(6/12) in the borderline tissues, and 40.00%(6/15) in the normal intestine tissues. The expression of the MMP-2 in colorectal carcinoma was significantly higher than normal colonic epithelium and borderline tissues, which has statistical significance (p<0.05); and the positive rate of MMP-2 between the normal intestine tissues and the borderline tissues has no statistical significance (p>0.05). The expression of the MMP-2 in colorectal carcinoma has no relation with some clinical parameters including age, sex, size(p>0.05);The expression of the MMP-2 in colorectal carcinomas with poorly differentiated was significantly higher than that of the well differentiated one(p<0.05); The expression of the MMP-2 in colorectal carcinomas with invasion of the adventitia was significantly higher than that without invasion of the adventitia one (p<0.05); The expression of the MMP-2 in colorectal carcinomas with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that without lymph node metastasis one(p<0.05); The expression of the MMP-2 in colorectal carcinomas of Dukes AB stage was significantly higher than that of Dukes CD stage one(p<0.05).3 The positive rate of MUC-1 is 51.85%(28/54) in the colorectal carcinoma, 16.67%(2/12) in the borderline tissues, and 13.33%(2/15) in the normal intestine tissues. The expression of the MUC-1 in colorectal carcinoma was significantly higher than normal colonic epithelium and borderline tissues, which has statistical significance (p<0.05); and the positive rate of MUC-1 between the normal intestine tissues and the borderline tissues has no statistical significance (p>0.05). The expression of the MUC-1 in colorectal carcinoma has no relation with some clinical parameters including age, sex, size(p>0.05); The expression of the MUC-1 in colorectal carcinomas with poor differentiated was significantly higher than that of the well differentiated one(p<0.05); The expression of the MUC-1 in colorectal carcinomas with invasion of the adventitia was significantly higher than that without invasion of the adventitia one (p<0.05); The expression of the MUC-1 in colorectal carcinomas with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that without lymph node metastasis one(p<0.05); The expression of the MUC-1 in colorectal carcinomas of Dukes AB stage was significantly higher than that of Dukes CD stage one(p<0.05).4 There are significanly positive corrleation between Galectin-3 and MMP-2 (r=0.298, P=0.028<0.05); significanly positive correlation between Galectin-3 and MUC-1 (r=0.304, P=0.025<0.05); and no correlation between MMP-2 and MUC-1(r=0.166,P=0.231 >0.05).Conclusion:1 The expression of Galectin-3 in colorectal carcinoma was significantly higher than normal intestine tissues and borderline tissues, and the higher expressions of them was closely correlated with the pathogenesis,differentiation,invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.2 The expression of MMP-2 in colorectal carcinoma was significantly higher than normal intestine tissues and borderline tissues, and the higher expressions of them was closely correlated with the pathogenesis,differentiation,invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.3 The expression of MUC-1 in colorectal carcinoma was significantly higher than normal intestine tissues and borderline tissues, and the higher expressions of them was closely correlated with the pathogenesis,differentiation,invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.4 The expression of Galectin-3 and MMP-2 in colorectal carcinoma was positive correlation. Galectin-3 is the substrate of MMP-2, and the higher expression of MMP up-regulate the expression of Galectin-3.The two protein promote the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. The expression of Galectin-3 and MUC-1 was also positive correlation. MUC-1 is a natural ligand for Galectin-3, which promotes the tumor cell adhesion and invasion by up-regulating Galectin-3.There was no correlation between MMP-2 and MUC-1.In a word, the higher expressions of Galectin-3,MMP-2 and MUC-1 might play an important role in the evaluation of prognosis. Detections of them have important signification in estimating the colorectal carcinoma progression and potentiality of lympho node metastasis. |
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