The Protection Of Amantadine Hydrochloride To The Retinal Ganglial Cell From Acute Ocular Hypertension In Rabbit

Objective To study the protection functions of Amantadine Hydrochloride for the injury of retinal ganglial cells.Methods Twenty four pigment rabbits were divided randomly into group A(control group) and group B(drug treatment group). Left eyes(Group A1,Group B1) were normal eyes and right eyes(Group A2,Group B2) were made an acute ocular hypertension model in each rabbit. The model was made by perfusion of anterior chamber with the IOP being reached 110mmHg, and then sustained the high IOP for 45 minutes. Group B were administrated with 100mg Amantadine Hydrochloride (AH) everyday for 1 week before making models and 30 days after making models. The fundus photograph and OCT result of all rabbits were taken respectively before and after making models as well as 30 days after making models. The rabbits were sacrificed respectively and the eyeballs were enucleated. The histopathological changes of retina were observed by HE staining and electron microscope. The fundus photo grading, OCT measurement results of retinal thickness, the light microscope results of retinal thickness and the light microscope results of RGC cells counting were analyzed statistically.Results There was no different between Group B2 and A2 in the fundus photo grading. OCT measurement results of retinal thickness showed: Group A2 had significant lower retinal thickness than Group A1; Group B2 had considerable higher retinal thickness than Group A2; There was significant difference between Group B2 and Group A1; The retinal thickness had no difference between Group B1 and Group A1. Light microscope observation: Normal retial construction can be observed in Group A1 and B1. Severe injury of RGC and other layers of retina can be found in Group A2. The injury in Group B2 was lessened visibly than Group A2. Light microscope measurement results of retinal thickness showed: Group A2 had significant lower retinal thickness than Group A1; Group B2 had considerable higher retinal thickness than Group A2; The retinal thickness had significant difference between Group B2 and Group A1; The retinal thickness had no difference between Group B1 and Group A1. Light microscope cell counting results showed: There was significant difference between Group A2 and Group A1; There was significant difference between Group B2 and Group A2; There was significant difference between Group B2 and Group A1; There was no difference between Group B1 and Group A1. Electron microscope observation: Round cell nucleus, slick nuclear membrane, clear nucleole, homogeneous distribution chromatin and other normal cell organ were observed in RGC of Group A1. Severe degeneration of RGC, extreme swelling and vacuolization of chondriosome and chromatinolysis were detected in RGC of Group A2. Nuclear membrane and nucleole were disapeared in Group A2. The manifestation of Group B1 was similar to Group A1. Rarefaction and hypochromatic chromatin, corrugativus nuclear membrane and slight to midrange swelling of chondriosome were discovered in RGC of Group B2. The injured severity of RGC in Group B2 was significantly slight than Group A2.Conclusion Acute Ocular Hypertension induced by perfusion of anterior chamber can cause RGC and other layers of retina injury and Amantadine Hydrochloride can partially rescue this kind of injury without any toxicity.