The Study Of Occupational Safety Behaviors And Influencing Factors In Small And Medium-sized Enterprises

Objective Among occupational risk factors which threaten people's health and lives, occupational safety behavior played an important role. This research aimed at investigating influencing factors of occupational safety behavior and then providing scientific basis for safety management.Methods Fourteen small and medium-sized enterprises which had major hazard installations were selected randomly in Suzhou, each enterprise was given 100 questionnaires, 1400 questionnaires were totally distributed, 1250 valid questionnaires were got, and the recovery rate was 89.29%. The investigation included safety behavior of enterprises and workers' basic information, safety behavior, safety knowledge, safety attitude, safety psychological factors, risk awareness and emotion.Results (1) Significant difference was found in the safety knowledge scores of workers between male and female and among working ages, types of work, salaries and characters. The proportions of emergency knowledge and law knowledge the workers knew were 22.7% and 19.6% respectively, 26% and 84% for radiation accident knowledge and chemical poisoning knowledge, and 20.8% for dangerous protection knowledge. Workers safety attitude were significantly influenced by age and working-age.(2) The scores of workers' safety behavior were significantly different among working ages, types of work, salaries, and characters; 88.4% workers did routine examination to equipment and work place before starting work, 72.8% workers used individual protective equipments when working, the rate of taking safety behavior was lower when labors were working compared with the rate before workers starting to work. Workers lacked the motivation to study, only 44.8 % workers learned safety knowledge initiatively.(3) According to the score of enterprises' safety behaviors, enterprises paid attention to safety work. The safety management system of enterprises was perfect, not for the training. The proportion of in-service safety training was lower than that of pre-employment training, 81.9% and 52.4% respectively. The rate of enterprises punishing workers (69.5%) was higher than that of rewarding (54.2%).(4) Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between safety behaviors and workers' general factors, the significant variables to safety behaviors were character, salary and culture, and to examine the association between safety behaviors and work related factors, the significant variables were enterprises' safety behaviors, psychological factors, safety knowledge, safety attitude and mood; Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between occupational accidents and workers' safety behaviors, enterprises' safety behaviors, and work related factors respectively. Among workers' safety behaviors, working without safety protection was the major risk factor of occupational accidents with odds ratios of 1.340(95%CI: 1.056～1.701).Conclusions (1) Workers lacked safety knowledge, especially the knowledge of emergency, law and dangerous protection. (2) Enterprises didn't pay enough attention to the incentive mechanism, and safety training of enterprises needed to be improved. (3) The consciousness of workers using individual protective equipments, obeying operating instruction and learning safety knowledge was low. (4) Enterprise's safety behaviors, worker's safety knowledge, safety attitude, and psychological factors significantly influenced worker's safety behaviors. (5) The safety management system, safety education, incentive mechanism of safety behaviors and worker's safety behaviors influenced occupational injury.