An Epidemiologic Study On The Echinococcosis Of Residents In Rural Areas Of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Objectives:This study investigated the echinococcosis prevalence of the rural residents in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region with method of epidemiologic investigation.It indicated the epidemic features such as distribution among groups,time and areas,human body infection and prevalence and explored risk factors of the echinococcosis infection,echinococcosis cases and causes for this disease.It provided the foundation for developing quantification and analysis as well as provided Hygeian administrations scientific evidences to make out the prevention policies against the echinococcosis.Method:Counties(cities,districts)in the Autonomous Region were regarded as main stages.Stratified and random sample was used according to 2 features—degrees of the prevalence of the disease(mild,moderate and serious)and geographic features(plateau,plain and mesa).Questionnaires of residential echinococcosis were given to permanent population whose age is over 2 years old.Meanwhile,serum antibody test and B-ultrasonograph detect were adopted.The invested items included:general background,echinococcosis pathography,disease time,disease position,diagnosis,kystis quantities and size.Results:In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,5848 people were sampled,677 people infected hydatid,the average infection rate was 11.58%.Standardized infection rate was 13.01%. 25 echinococcosis cases were diagnosed.The morbidity was 4.27‰;the female echinococcosis infection rate was 12.34%,it was higher than male's(10.66%)and the female morbidity was 5.95‰,it also was higher than male's(2.26‰).It had significant difference through the statistical test,(P＜0.05).The infection rate and morbidity of Hui ethnic groups was 16.47%and 7.19‰respectively,both were obviously higher than Han groups,(P＜0.001).There was a trend that the morbidity increased with growth of the age.The infection rate didn't have this trend. Echinococcus infection appeared in mountainous area,plain and mesa at different degree.The infection rate was clearly different in different areas.The prevalence in mountain area and tableland was more severe than that of plain areas.It had obvious discrepancy through the statistical test,P＜0.001.echinococcosis patients were 25,the youngest patient was 15 years old and the oldest was 17 years old,the median was 51.Among them,8 people had operation history. Cysticas all lived in livers.17 cases lived in left lobule of liver,echinococcus cases were 12, alveolar hydatid cases were 11.Mixed type cases were 2.The numbers of cystica were between 1 and 4. Conclusion:The echinococcosis infection occurs commonly in Ningxia rural areas,its prevalence has obvious nosogeographic features,and the prevalence in mountainous areas was serious.The infection rate and morbidity of female was than that of male respectively.The Hui ethnic group was higher than Han group,and the morbidity increased with age rising. Objectives:To discuss risk factors of hydatid infection and to provide scientific evidences to hygienic administrations for echinococcosis prevention & control and adopting comprehensive interventions.Methods:Based on epidemic prevalence and distribution of rural residents in Ningxia, human infection and morbidity,method of case-control(1:2)was adopted for further developing quantification analysis according to risk factors of echinococcosis infection and morbidity. Case-control study was adopted.Logistic analysis of single factor and multi-factors was given to 101 cases of echinococcosis and 202 cases of contra-positive data respectively.Results:Logistic analysis of single factor showed that there were 7 items having statistical meaning(P＜0.05)in echinococcosis groups and contra-groups.They were feeding dogs,dogs activities,slaughterhouses or butchers' next to dogs' active region,drinking unboiled water, eating unwashed fruits,eating uncooked vegetables,experiencing shearing and squeezing goats' milk.Among results of single factor logistic analysis,those factors that had statistical meaning (P＜0.05)were implemented by multi-factors logistic analysis.The results proved that echinococcosis risk factors were feeding dogs,dogs activities,slaughterhouses or butchers' next to dogs' active regions,drinking uncooked water,eating unwashed fruits,eating uncooked vegetables,experiencing shearing and squeezing goats' milkConclusions:echinococcosis infection related to many factors.Behavior factors and intervention of life habits cannot be ignored.