| Objective: Preeclampsia is a significant health problem of pregnancy, affecting approximately 9.4% of women. As preeclampsia is associated with increased maternal, perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, early identification of these pregnancy associated complications will permit the design of appropriate preventive measures. The etiology of preeclampsia is poorly understood, so we should try our best to find out the etiology as soon as possible. HGF is a pleiotropic cytokine that was first characterized by its ability to promote the proliferation of hepatocytes. Subsequently, HGF was found to play a role in cell migration, proliferation and morphogenesis in a number of different cell type and tissue. HGF knockout mutations in mice are lethal to the embryo due to abnormal placental development. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is one of the most important proteinases. It belongs to the gelatinases of the matrix metalloproteinase hyperfamily. Its main function is to decompose extracellular matrix. Many kinds of cells can express matrix metalloproteinase-9 (such as trophoblast cells, vascular cells, et al), and its expression is adjusted by many factors (such as cell growth factor, hormone, TIMPs, and so on). Recent researches have indicated that the degradation of extracellular matrix is a critical step of the trophoblastic invasion. Immunohistochemical staining was used to examine positive expression of HGF and MMP-9 in these samples. It elucidate the possible relationship between HGF/MMP-9 expression and the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. To investigate the expression of HGF and MMP-9 in placental of women with preeclampsia and normal pregnancy.Method: Placental samples were obtained in 30 minutes after delivery from 35 normal pregnancy women and 37 patients with mild preeclamptic pregnancies, 34 with severe preeclampsia. The villi were taken from them. All placentas were obtained from women undergoing spontaneous labor when they took on caesarean surgery. All tissues were routinely fixed in 10 percent formalin and embedded in paraffin. Four-μm-thick tissue sections of all samples were stained by immuno- histochemical analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with the use of the SPSS 12.0. Kruskal-Wallis H test and spearman rank correlation were used to analyze the data,α<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result: 1 The three groups were matched in maternal age, parity and gestational age. 2 In the study, HGF was localized to placental mesenchymal cells. The concentrations of immuno- reactive HGF on placental mesenchymal cells were highest, positive rate was 71.43% and that of severe preeclampsia were almost negative, positive rate was 35.29% mild preeclampsia had weaker expression, positive rate was 64.86%(showed by Fig.1, 3-5, table 1). The difference between the normal placenta and preeclamptic placenta was statistically significant (P<0.05); the difference between the normal placenta and severe preeclamptic placenta was statistically significant (P<0.01); the experiments found significant differences in HGF by severe and mild preeclampsia placenta (P<0.05); no difference was found between normal and mild preeclampsia placentas (P>0.05). 3 MMP-9 was localized to placental trophoblast cells. The expression of MMP-9 on control group was the strongest, positive rate was 80.00%, and that of severe pre- eclampsia was almost negative, positive rate was 32.35% mild preeclampsia had weaker expression, positive rate was 72.97%(Showed by Fig.2, 6-8, table 2). The difference between the normal placenta and preeclamptic placenta was statistically significant (P<0.05); the difference between the normal placenta and severe preeclamptic placenta was statistically significant (P<0.01); the experiments found significant differences in MMP-9 by severe and mild preeclampsia placenta (P<0.05); no difference was found between normal and mild preeclampsia placentas (P>0.05). 4 No correlation was found between HGF and MMP-9 expressions in normal and mild preeclampsia groups (r=0.0873 p>0.05; r=0.0505 p>0.05), in patients with severe preeclampsia, HGF expression showed positive correlation with MMP-9 expression (r=0.5663 p<0.01).Conclusion: Based on the data mentioned above, we can come to the following conclusions: 1 Placental villi can express HGF and MMP-9. Villous core mesenchymal cells produce HGF whereas MMP-9 was demonstrated mainly on trophoblast. 2 HGF and MMP-9 may play an important role in placental trophoblast invasion. Decreased expression of HGF and (or) MMP-9 may affect acquisition of an invasive by trophoblasts, resulting in the abnormal shallow trophoblast invasion of the uterus that is associated with preeclampsia. 3 positive correlation was found between HGF and MMP-9 expression in severe preeclampsia groups.
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