| IntroductionThe incidence of glucose disorder during pregnancy is increasing, with the development of economy and increasing of people's life, and changes of dietary structure and lifestyle. The glucose disorder during gestational usually contains gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and gestational impaired glucose tolerance(GIGT). GDM is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first diagnosis during pregnancy. GIGT is defined as the changes of glucose, and it is between glucose normal and GDM. Many clinical studies showed that glucose disorder during gestational period have some effects of health on mother and offspring. Such as high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, heave born weight, ketosis acidosis, premature birth, infected diseases, metabolism disorder of neonatus, dead foetus and stillbirth and so on, the incidence of diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, hypertension in mother and children are increasing. The glucose disorder is related to insulin secrete defect, but its pathogenesis is not clear. At present, the study on glucose disorder model of pregnancy induced by STZ is little, the same study is not found in China. Therefore, we will establish the model of glucose disorder during rat pregnancy, and provide the basis of study the mechanism of GDM and find methods of treat and prevention GDM. As well as, we will study the growth and health status of GDM offspring, in order to prevent and decrease the incidence of chronic diseases in advance.Postoperative pain is a common form of acute pain. Inadequate controlled postoperative pain may be one of main reasons that acute pain develops chronic pain after all kinds of surgery. Although basic and clinical research has increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of pain mechanisms, postoperative pain control continues to be a problem. After tissue damage, both sensitization of dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord(central sensitization) and sensitization of peripheral nociceptors(peripheral sensitization) are thought to play an important role in the development and the maintenance of mechanical hypersensitivity.Materials and Methods1,Material(1) Animal: Fifty-four rats were housed in wood-chip-bedded plastic cages at a constant temperature(18～22℃) and humidity(60±5%) with a 12 h light/dark cycle. Female rat and male rat were separated, animal feeds were normal, and drink water freely.(2) Reagent: STZ(sigma), lemon acid buffering, blood sugar reagent, insulin reagent case and so on.(3) Instrument: blood sugar instrument Hydroextractor, electron balance, refrigerator.2,Methods(1) Establishment the model of glucose disorder of rat pregnancyAll female rats were feed one week. Mating with 2 female and one male, the first day of gestation was estimated by the presence of spermatozoids in vaginal smears. All pregnancy rats were divided two groups: STZ group and control group. Rats of STZ group were injected STZ(40 mg/kg of body weight) in 0.1 mol/l citrate buffer(pH 4.5) on day 5 of gestation by abdominal cavity. Rats of control group were injected with citrate buffer as the same STZ group. On days 13, 16, 19 of gestation, maternal blood was collected for glucose level by cutting off the tip of the tail and squeezing it gently. Twenty pregnant rats with plasma glucose levels above 5.55 mmol/L were assigned as hyperglycaemic and were included in the present study. Pregnant rat were weighed every three days. Take notes of pregnancy rat's water and food. pups streptozotocin-treated and control dams were delivered spontaneously and weighed within 12 hours. Pups from the streptozotocin-treated dams, whose birth weights were 2SD(above the 90th percentile) lighter than the mean birth weight of the control pups, were classified as low birth weigh. Pups were weighted every three days up to 6week. Pups were weighed weekly up to 12 weeks of age. The gender of the pups was identified at 3 weeks by examining the external genitalia. Pups were weaned at 4 weeks of age. Male and female rats were separately house, two to three rats per cage, and allowed food and water ad libitum.At 6and 12 weeks of age, rats from each group were anesthetized with ethylether and bled from the abdominal aorta, after overnight fasting. Serum was obtained by low-speed centrifugation(3000r; 20 minutes) and were stored at-70℃refrigerator. The liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas was removed, washed with cold saline, quickly blotted, and weighed.(2) Collecting samplesCollecting vein blood serum of two group offspring after 12h no food in 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively. At the same time, liver, kidney, spleen and pancreas were obtained and weight them. Serum was stored in-70℃.(3) Assay methodsThe levels of glucose were measured by neighbor toluidine and insulin were measured by radioimmunoassay.(4) The judgement standard of IRWe used HOMA-IR=FINS×FBS/22.5 to reflect insulin resisitant. The more numerical value, the more insensitive to insulin.3,Statistical methodResults are expressed as(?)±s. Ratio contrast were tested by chi-square test. The significance of differences among groups were analyzed statistically by ANOVA. 0.05 was represent statistics significance.Results1,Establishment the model of glucose disorder during rat pregnancy12 pregnancy hyperglycosemia among 24 rats were induced. But 2 rats were dead during pregnancy. So there were nearly 42% STZ-treated pregnancy rats were induce gestational glycemia rat model.(1) The appetite of taking foodBefore the 12 day of gestation, there were no significance on the appetite of taking food between experiment group and that of control group The appetite of experiment group are higher than control group from day 15 of gestation to day 20 of gestation which have statistical significance(P<0.05).(2) Water capacityThe water capacity of experiment group are higher than control group from day 9 of gestation to day 20 of gestation, which have statistical significance.(P<0.05).(3) Weight during gestationThe weight of experiment group are constantly ligher than control group from day 6 of gestation to day 20 of gestation(P>0.05), but on the day 20 of gestation, there are statistical significance between the two group(P<0.05).(4) UrinateAfter naked eye observation, from the day 8 of gestation the urine in experiment group were more than control group.(5) The level of blood sugarAt 13, 16, 19 day of gestation, the level of blood sugar in experiment group are higher than that of control group,which had statistical significance(P<0.05).2,The birth state and glucose metabolism of the two group's offspring(1) Dead foetus rate and Intra-uterine growth restriction rat Dead foetus rate in experiment group was higher than control group, but there was no significant difference between the two group(P>0.05). The rate of Intra-uterine growth restriction in experiment group was higher than that of control group which had statistical significance(P<0.05).(2) The weight of offspringFrom birth to 12 week, the pups weight of experiment group was higer than control group but there was no statistical significance between the two group(P<0.05).(3) The ratio of the organ's weight and weight of offspringAt 6 week, the ratio of the organ's weight and weight had no statistical significance between the two group(P>0.05). At 12 of week, the ratio of spleen and weight in experiment group was higher than control group(P<0.05).3,The levels of FBS,FINS and HOMA-IR on 6w and 12wAt 6 week, the offsprings' levels of FBS and FINS of experiment group were higher than that of the control group but had no statistical significance(P>0.05); at 12 week, The FBS, FINS and HOMA-IR in experiment group had higher level than that of control group, which had statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusions1. Abdominal injection with STZ may induce the rat model the anomalism of glucose metabolism during gestation.2. The rat model the anomalism of glucose metabolism during gestation can result in high dead foetus rate and low-birth weight will take place frequently.3. The offspring of gestational hyperglycosemia rats have anomalism of glucose adult insulin resistant. |
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