Stakeholder Analysis: Development Of Methodology And Application In Health Sector Reform

Over the past two decades, government have been playing a vital role in health sector reform in china, which can be regarded as the outcome of politic reform and social economic transfer. In the choice of ethics, it is the coordination between building of democratic system and expression of public opinion. It is involved in a vital problem, that is, coordination and cooperation among different stakeholders, which may affect smoothness of reform and whether the outcome of reform can be accepted by the public.In government, Different sectors administer different stakeholders. There are conflicts and contractions in benefits among them. And every sector has indefinite responsibility. In some extent, most government sectors emphasize control of resource and neglect the public benefits. With the establishment of the market system, It has become an obstacle of the development of health industry.In this study, we synthesize relative reach in Stakeholder analysis in other countries, especially in America, and provide systematic methods that can be applied in policy evaluation. In this course, four main problems are concerned:1) Indexes system. In order to accommodate with administration and decision-making system in china, we choose and define indexes that include interior/exterior(decision-making system), position, interests, alliances, resource, power and leader.2) Main idea of stakeholder analysis. It is a process of systematically gathering and analyzing qualitative information to determine whose interests should be taken into account when developing and/or implementing a policy or program. Knowing who the key actors are, their knowledge,interests,position,alliances and importance related to the policy allows policy makers and managers to interact more effectively with key stakeholders and increase support for a given policy or program.3)Definition of stakeholder. We define stakeholder as actors (persons or organizations) who have a vested interest in the policy, and is affected by the policy in the process.4)The major steps in the process: Planning the process; Selecting and defining a policy; Identifying key stakeholders; Adapting the tools; Collecting and recording the information; Filling in the stakeholder table; Analyzing the stakeholder table; Using the information.By carrying out this analysis before implementing a policy or program, policy makers and managers can detect and act to prevent potential misunderstandings and/or opposition to the implementation of the policy or program. On the other hand, whether stockholder's benefits are protected or not will be gist of policy estimation. A policy or program will more likely succeed if a stakeholder analysis, along with other key tools, is used to guide its implementation.The benefit content, mode and ability of behavior, cognizance in subjective of stakeholder is determined in the final analysis by the development of economic, status of citizen rights and culture tradition. These factors influence stakeholders by construction of the social power. In this study, we think that citizen rights, culture tradition, construction of social power and law are the main factors that influence stakeholdersIn this study two examples are supplied. One is medicine price policy, the other is community health sector reform policy. By interviewing the key stakeholders of these two polices, we evaluate relative indexes. Two main policy suggestions are raised. Firstly, the government should innovate administration mechanism and value the role of media and NGOs. Secondly, the government should improve ability and concept that guide the reform.