| The antibiotic is one of the greatest achievements in the medical field, and it plays an extremely important role to the improvement of the human health level and guarantee of the life security. However, it is very outstanding at present that antibiotic is abused in domestic and abroad , which results the antibiotic-resistant bacteria to increase sharply. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) is one of the most important pathogenic bacterium in the hospital. In recent decades, with the constant increase of antibiotic kind and extensive application, the serious infection that MRSA causes runs up in the world.What's more, MRSA is multidrug resistant not only for methicillin but also forβ- lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides , macrolides and so on.In order to understand the infection status caused by MRSA in the first hospital of Jilin University, while to benefit clinical to select antibiotic rati- onally, the research was done to detect MRSA in 179 samples from the patients in clinic and hospital which was infected by staphylococcus aureus from January 2005 to December 2006 by cefoxitin disc diffusion method ,oxacillin disc diffusion method and mecA Genes PCR method .The results shows that the total isolating rate is 70.9%by the three methods. Among them, the isolating rate in 2005 is 60% (48/80), and the isolating rate in 2006 is 79% (79/99). The tendency is to rise year by year. Comparing with the standard mecA Genes PCR method, The sensitiveness and the specificness by cefoxitin disc diffusion method is 99.2% and 98.1% respectively,The sensitiveness and the specificness by oxacillin disc diffusion method is 97.6% and 94.6% respectively. For it is easy to operate and the sensitiveness and the specificness is high, The cefoxitin disc diffusion method may be the reliable method to detect MRSA in clinical.Sputum, pus and drain take the most part of the sample in MRSAinfection, constituent ratios are 60.6%,11.0% and 16.5%. It is clear that the respiratory tract is the major part in MRSA infection; while the infection divisions are the neurosurgery, ICU, and the general surgery, which take 74.8% in all. The available data were analyzed by Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model .The Chi-square test showed that the risk factors of MRSA infection were long-term hospitalization, invasive operation, using antibiotics, complicated infection and hospitalization in neurosurgery. The multivariable conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the invasive operation, the antibiotic use and the neurosurgery are related to MRSA .The in vitro susceptibility test of 17 antibiotics with agar dilution methods shows that MRSA is antibiotic resistant forβ- lactam antibiotics, cefuroxime, cephazolin and cefotaxime, the multidrug resistant is serious in MRSA, the antibiotic resistant rate exceed 80% for erythromycin, Tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Clindamycin.Bacterium facing the strong choice pressure because of the irrational antibiotic use, antibiotic- resistant strain accommodates the new selection pressure and exist, while non- antibiotic resistant sensitive strain is rejected, so the antibiotic resistant strain increase more and more. And it cause the treatment difficulties .So, antibiotics should be used as follows: Select proper antibiotic according to the result of the bacterium measuring and in vitro susceptibility test . If there is no suitable condition to measure bacterium choose the right antibiotic according to local prevailing state of pathogen condition, and select the antibiotic which is low-grade , low price and good function as much as possible; following the cooperation principal while use the antibiotic; and do not change the antibiotic frequently if there is no clear indication. This finding has significant guidance for establishing the monitoring of the antibiotic resistant and antibiotic rational use and controlling multidrug resistance.
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