The Epidemiological Survey Of The Association Between Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension And Periodontitis

[Background] : An increased risk for periodontitis with diabetes mellitus has been reported ,even though the association between them has long been discussed with conflicting conclusions. Both of these diseases have a relatively high incidence in the older population as well as a number of common pathways in their pathogenesis. On the other hand, numerous reports indicate a higher incidence of periodontitis in population with hypertension compared to healthy controls, while other reports fail to show such a relationship. It has been demonstrated hypertension are the risk factors that are associated with heart disease, stroke and so on.It have been suggested that diabetes and hypertension ,which may be the risk factors,are associated with periodontitis.[Objective] : The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between diabetes, hypertension and periodontitis, with investigation on the hyperglycemia, levels of blood pressure and periodontal conditions about officeholders in Wuhan city.[Material and methods] : Cross-sectional data were gathered from 458 subjects by means of quantitative questionnaire,clinical examination and patient records. The study sample are coming from officeholders in Wuhan city, which are classified as the districts of Hanyang, Hankou, Wuchang, sampled as the rule of random and all group. Questionnaire associated with general conditions; periodontal situations were examined by two postgraduates of clinical pattern of the periodontal department of the Stomatology Hospital of Wuhan University. The details of examination were standardized; the difference has no statistical significance. The data of physical condition were acquired from physical examination. The level of serum glucose≥ 7.0mmol/l is defined as diabetes, and systolic pressure ≥140mmHg or diastolic pressure ≥90mmHg is defined as hypertension. With the systemic software pack of managing dental data manufactured with Ruisi Software Company of Wuhan University, the data were recorded and managed. The results were analyzed with SPSS 11.5 software pack. In simple risk factor analysis, all variables were tested withnon-parametric method ( x z-test) in order to get risk factors(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis was run with all factors and it was done again after age was adjusted (classified as working group and retired group) in order to discuss the relationship between diatetes , hypertension and periodontitis.[Results] : The analysis of the cross-sectional survey data set confirms the previously reported significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis in diabetics than in non-diabetics (83.33% versus 59.24%). The analysis of the data also shows that the prevalence of periodontitis in patients with hypertension is higher than that of normal blood-pressure patients (82.93% versus 56.38% in systolic pressure; 76.19% versus 57.75% in diastolic pressure) and that this difference is also statistically significant.The positive correlation of oral hygiene , tooth brushing,and diastolic pressure were found in simple risk factor analysis, but not in the last result of logistic regression analysis; but diabetes ,systolic, the background of education, smokong, and age in the last result.[Conclusions: ] In this study, diabetes and hypertension are associated with periodontitis. Systolic pressure has different effect on different age group, obvious effect on the group more than 60 years old, obesity is the risk factor for periodontitis in the all group. When the whole population was divided into two groups by age: 30^{working group}; 60⁷9(retired group). The hypertension and diabetes have no obvious effect on the periodontitis on the group from 30 to 60 years old but effect on retired group.