The Protective Effect Of Ginseng Saponin On The Ability Of Learning And Memory Of Aluminum Poisoning Rats And Its Mechanism

Alzheimers disease, by far the single most frequent cause of dementia, becomes increasingly common with advancing age. A slowly progssive degenerative disorder of unknown cause, it is characterized by typical histopathoplogic features; neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and neuronal loss. Its typical clinical foundings are impairment of memory, congective dysfunction and personality change. No currently available treatment has been known unequivocally to reverse existing deficits or arrest the disease progression. Therefore, it is very necessary to explore treatments that can prevent from developing Alzheimers disease.In this experimental, the behavioral change, histopathologic and immuno-histochemical changes were observed by Morris water maze investigation histopathologic staining and immunohistochemical staining , in order to study the function of Ginseng Saponin of resisting the damage to hippocampus of rats following Alcl3 injection, protecting the ability of learning and memory, preventing from developing Alzheimers dementia after aluminum poisoning and explore the possible mechanism of the function.Methods1. Pretreatment.18 Wistar rats (230 -250g,three months,all male) wererandomly divided into 3 groups; experimental group (6) ; control group (6) ; model group (6). Experimental group rats were pretreated with Ginseng Sa-ponion (40ml/d. kg) for five weeks, whereas the model and control group rats drank the same amount of water.2. Lateralcerebroventricular injection of Alcl3 After pretreatment, each rat was anesthetized. Then 10u13% Alcl3 was injected respectively into lateralcerebroventricular of experimental and model group rats by microliter syringes according to The Stereotaxic Atlas of The Rat Brain. , whereas the same amount of normal sadine was injected into lateralcerebroventricular of control group rats.3. Morris water maze investigation Moriss. water maze was used to investigate learning and memory abilities of three groups rats, four days after operation.4. HE staining.Piped and Fixed, then Drawed hippocampus of three groups rats respectively after Morris water maze investigation. Embed and Sliced (the thickness of tissue slides was lOura).. HE stained .5. Immunohistochemistry staining. Immunohistochemistry staining was conducted by using B- APP rabbit anti - mouse antibody and SABC kid and DAB.6. Statistics process .The data gained from Morris water maze investigation was processed by SPSS Microsoft.Results1. Behavior.The escape latency of experimental group rats did not prolong compared with that of contral group rats . There was no significant difference between the escape latency of experimental and contral group rats ( p > 0. 05), which showed the ability of learning and memory of experimental group rats did not decreased following Alcl3 injection, howver, the escape latency of model group rats prolonged compaired with that of control group rats. There was significant diference between the escape latency of model and control group rats ( p < 0. OS ) , which showed the ability of learning and memory of model group rats decreased significantly following Alcl3 injection.2. Histopathology .There was not significant neuronol loss in hippocampalCA, of experimental group rats compared with control group rats . Whereas , there was significant neuronal loss in hippocampal CA, of model group rats compared with contral group rats.3. Immunocytochemistry.Immunoreaction in hippocampal CA, of experimental and control group rats was softly positive. However, immunoreaction in hippocampal CA, of model group rats was strongly positive.Conclusions1. Ginseng Saponin has the function of resisting damage to hippocampus of rat caused by aluminum and protecting the ability of learning and memory of rat , and preventing from developing Alzheimer s dementia after aluminum poisoning2. The mechanism of Ginseng Saponin may be related to inhibit over expression of β- APP and deposition of β- AP.