| Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the malignant tumors which have the worst prognosis. Due to lacking of typically clinical symptoms, earlier diagnostic methods, most cases are discovered at late stage when there is no opportunity resecting the neoplasms. Their five-year survival rate is less than 5%. In recent years, its occurrence frequency is increasing both in land and abroad. Like other tumors, the mechanism of it is still unknown. Recent studies showed that aberrances of the cell cycle regulation and apoptosis signal pathway participated in the occurrence and development of many cancers, survivin is a novel member of the IAPs (inhibitor apoptosis of proteins) gene family. It regularly expresses in G2/M phase and suppresses the activity of caspase3 and caspase? by binding to the micro-tube protein of the cell mitotic spindle. Wild-type p53 is the most common tumor-suppressor gene. The execution of its functions in suppressing carcinogenesis is mainly through transactivating WAF1 gene which prevents RB(retinoblastoma) being phosphated and leads to the cell cycle stopping or induces cell apoptosis. When p53 gene is mutant or absent, its functions lost. At last, it promotes the occurrence and development of the neoplasms. This subject mainly aimed at the three kind of proteins(survivin, P53 and P21WAF1)in the pathway of cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. An immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expressions of them, so that we can investigate the possible mechanism of pancreatic carcinogenesis and provide a novel strategy for its diagnosis and effective therapy in the future. Material and methods: 1. 33 surgically resected primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues, 12 normalpancreatic tissues confirmed pathologically which were adjacent to the tumor as well as 10 benignant diseases of pancreas were collected. All the tissues were fixed in 10% neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin.2. SP immunohistochemical technique was performed for detecting the expression of survivin, P53 and P21WAH in these three kinds of tissues.3. The data were analyzed by software SPSS 10.0. The correlation between survivin, P53, P21WAF1and various clinicopathological features of tumors was analysed by using the x2-test or Fisher's exact test. A two-side P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:1. The immunohistochemical staining of survivin mainly located in the cytoplasm. Strong expression of survivin protein was demonstrated in 29 of the 33 pancreatic cancers (87.88%). Weak expression was detected in 5 of the 12 adjacent normal tissues (41.67%). Whereas survivin protein was undetectable in the 10 benignant diseases. Compared with the tumors, there was significant difference (P<0.05). Besides, the expression of survivin was not related with the pathological grade, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of pancreatic cancer(P>0.05).2. Positive staining of P53 mainly located in the nucleus of pancreatic cells. 17 of 33 cancers displayed immunoreactivity for P53 protein accumulation, with the positive rate 51.51%. 12 normal tissues and 10 benignant diseases studied were completely negative for P53 staining. There were significant difference between them and pancreatic cancers (P<0.05). No association was observed between P53 expression and clinical parameters of the pancreatic cancer including tumor stage, pathological grade and presence of lymph node metastasis (P>0.05).3. Staining for P21WAF1 was observed primarily in the cytoplasm. Its expression in pancreatic cancers, normal and benignant tissues was increased sequently. The positive rate was 39.39%, 66.67% and 90.00% respectively. Significant difference was found between benignant tissues and pancreatic tumors (P<0.05). In 33 pancreatic cancers, 11 out of 20 cases(55.00% )were positive in I -II phasewhile 2 of 13(15.38%) exhibited P21WAF1 protein in III~IVphase( (P<0.05). The expression of P21WAF1 in the tissues of lymph node metastasis (9.09%) was significa... |
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