Variety Breeding Of Celosia Cristata

The Celosia cristata which is Amaranthaceae one year born cross-pollination herbal plant is one of important flowers in China. The original variety cannot meet people, s need yet, on this basis more varieties with better characters are emerging. Icon implantation mutation is the fastest and favorable method through breeding. Firstly, the growth development and morphological variation of three kinds M1 population of Celosia cristata by ion implantation was studied in the paper. Secondly, in order to prove the mutation was occurred in genetic biochemistry level, isozyme technique was used to make chemistry maker for leaf and corolla of the mutation plant. In the end 2 to 3 special and rare mutation series which are suitable for cultivation in local and valuable for ornamental were screened from these mutation plants. The results were as follows:1. The growth stage and some morphological variation indexes of M1 population of Celosia cristata were observed and recorded. The results showed that the stage of growth development of variant JTM was earlier than control varieties through variance analysis. The corolla became compact. There were obvious variation in plant height,crown width,main stem diameter,leaves number,leaf shape index, the length of main flower cluster,grain yield per plant,1000-grain weight and branching. For example, the plant heights were all higher than the control except JTM-06, the leaf number of JTM-02 was 117.60% as much as the control. The initial period of true leaf and seeding stage of variation YH was earlier than control varieties, but the squaring period, initial flowering stage, and full-bloom stage was later than control varieties. Its flower color changed from fresh red to dark red, and leaf color also changed from yellowish green to green. The leaf of YH-03 changed from paper-based to waxy. For YH mutation plant there were significantly variance in plant height,crown width,leaves number,leaf shape index, grain yield per plant, main flower cluster length,1000-grain weight and branching. The leaf shape index variance of YH-08 was the most obvious, which was 21.69% higher than the control, the YH-10 and YH-11 were 19.05% and 12.07% higher than control respectively. The stage of growth development of variant ZTH was slightly earlier than control varieties. The flower type of ZTH-13 and ZTH-14 became brachycephaly, and flower color of ZTH-13 changed from yellowish green to yellow.In conclusion, the corolla of three mutation series did not appear branching phenomenon again, they all had significant variance in plant height, branching, main flower cluster length, grain yield per plant and 1000-grain weight. The results indicated that mutation occurred obvious change in growth and phenotype.2. The POD in variant leaf and corolla was studied with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed there were certain variances in strength of expression and number of band between each mutation and control through contrast analysis of number and color of the enzyme band. In the contrast of leaf POD, the enzyme band of JTM-02 which had endemic enzyme band was the most in JTM mutation, and its expression level was also high. JTM-06 was similar to control, the others was less than control. The molecular weight of one enzyme band in JTM mutation was smaller than control. In the YH mutation series, the enzyme band of YH-09 and YH-03 with higher expression strength was the most, they had 8 enzyme bands respectively. Only the enzyme band of YH-10 and YH-04 was less than control. Besides, YH-12 had one endemic enzyme band. In the ZTH mutation, the band of ZTH-14 which had two endemic enzyme bands was the most, and its expression strength was higher than control. The expression strength of ZTH-13 had variance with control only in the third band. In the contrast of corolla POD, the expression strength of JTM-01 which had the most mutation bands in JTM mutation was higher than control. The enzyme band of JTM-02, JTM-05 and JTM-06 was less than control. Besides, the control had one endemic enzyme band. As to the YH mutation, YH-03 which had two endemic enzyme bands had the most enzyme band, and its expression strength was much higher than control. The enzyme band number and expression level of YH-04 was the most similar to control. The enzyme band number of other mutation in YH mutation was more than control. In the ZTH mutation, the enzyme band of ZTH-14 was more than the control, and it had the most enzyme band, but the expression strength of ZTH-14 was weaker than control. The control had the eighth site which was not existed in ZTH-00 and ZTH-13. The electrophoresis results proved the genetic biochemistry level mutation again.3. The ZTH-13, ZTH-14, JTM-06 and YH-04 which were suitable for local cultivation were screened from ZTH, JTM and YH mutation series.