| Because of Xinjiang special climate, soil conditions, foliar absorption of fast, high utilization features, autumn spraying fertilizer on grape in Xinjiang to solve freeze injury and manorial deficiency problems, which has positive significance. Thompson Seedless, Red Globe and Crimson Seedless were selected as representative research material varieties in this paper. From the August 2008 spray fertilizers formulations on Thompson Seedless, Crimson Seedless and Red Globe. Study effect of autumn foliar application of fertilizers on leaf SPAD value, leaf quality and cold resistance of one-year old branches, plumpness of buds, pollen viability, yield and quality of each treatment. The results showed:1 The effect of autumn foliar application of fertilizers on SPAD value and leaf quality.Amplitude reduction of SPAD value of spraying fertilizer treatments was lower than CK, amplitude reduction of treatment 3was the lowest. Leaf quality of treatments was measured in mid-May next year. The SPAD value and leaf thickness of treatment 3 and treatment 5 were significantly higher than CK. The leaf area was significantly increased by spraying fertilizer. Treatment 3, treatment 4 and treatment 5 significantly increased the relative water content of leaves.2 The effect of autumn foliar application of fertilizers on cold resistance of annual branch.Mineral elements in annual branch of treatments were improved by autumn spraying fertilizer during dormant period. The relative conductivity of annual branch increased with temperature lowering under freezing temperature. The increase amplitude of spraying fertilizer treatments was significantly lower than CK. The order of increase amplitude and LT50 of annual branch from low to high was treatment 4, treatment 5, treatment 3, treatment 2 and CK. Proline content and MDA content of annual branch increased with temperature lowering. MDA content increase amplitude of spraying fertilizer treatments was significantly lower than CK. The order of increase amplitude from low to high was treatment 4, treatment 5, treatment 3, treatment 2 and CK. Increase amplitude of spraying fertilizer treatments of the other cold resistance indexes was significantly higher than CK. The order of increase amplitude from low to high was CK, treatment 2, treatment 3, treatment 5 and treatment 4. The proportion of free water to bound water of treatment 3, treatment 4 and treatment 5 of Thompson Seedless and Red Globe were significantly lower than CK, and that of treatment 4 and treatment 5 of Crimson Seedless?were significantly lower than CK.3 The effect of autumn foliar application of fertilizers on plumpness of buds and pollen activity of grape.The bud's longitudinal, traverse diameter and pollen activity of spraying fertilizer treatments were better than CK. Bud's longitudinal and traverse diameter of treatment 4 were significantly higher than CK. The pollen activity of treatment 4 and treatment 5 of Red Globe and Crimson Seedless were significantly higher than CK. The pollen activity of treatment 4 of Thompson Seedless was significantly higher than CK. The longitudinal and traverse diameter of treatments of Red Globe was significantly related to pollen activity? respectively. The longitudinal diameter of treatments of Thompson Seedless and Crimson Seedless was significantly related to pollen activity.4 The effect of autumn foliar application of fertilizers on yield and quality of grape.The 100-seed weight of Thompson Seedless was significantly improved by treatment3, treatment 4 and treatment 5, but there were no obvious difference between them. The longitudinal and traverse diameter of fruit grain and hardness of Thompson Seedless were significantly increased by treatment 4. The 100-seed weight, longitudinal, traverse diameter of fruit grain and hardness of treatment 4 of Crimson Seedless was significantly improved.Hardness and longitudinal and traverse diameter of fruit grain of treatment 4of Red Globe were significantly improved, The 100-seed weight of treatment 3and treatment 5 were highest.Content of solid solution of different foliar spray treatments of Thompson Seedless were significantly higher than CK. Content of titration acid were significantly decreased by treatment 4 and treatment 5of Thompson Seedless, Content of vitamin C of treatment 4 and treatment 5 were significantly higher than CK. Content of solid solution of were significantly improved by treatment 4 of Red Globe, Content of titration acid of treatment 4 was significantly lower than CK. Content of solid solution of treatment 4 of Crimson Seedless was significantly higher than CK, Content of titration acid of treatment 4was significantly lower than CK. And Content of vitamin C of Crimson Seedless was significantly improved by treatment 2, treatment 4 and treatment 5, but there were no obvious difference between them.The yield of different foliar spray treatments was better than CK. Increase amplitude of treatment 5 of Thompson Seedless was significantly higher than other treatments. The yield of Red Globe and Crimson Seedless were increased by using treatment 4. To sum up, autumn foliar application of fertilizers could delay the leaf senescence, elongate leaf functional stage, improve leaf quality, improve refluxing and accumulation of nutrient, and improve cold resistance of annual branch, increase bud's longitudinal, traverse diameter and pollen activity, increase yield and quality of three grape varieties. For Crimson Seedless and Red Globe, Treatment 4 was the best treatment. Treatment 5 was better than the other treatments of Thompson Seedless. |
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