Effects Of Long-term Located Fertilizer Application On Soil Fertility Character And Nutrients Absorption

This experiment was designed to evaluate the influence of long-term located fertilization of equal nitrogen between organic manure, inorganic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure for 21 years on fertility characteristic, elements uptaking and plant quality in light-loamy salinized fluvo-acquic soil (the Alluvial soils by the Yellow River). The main results are as follows:1 During the beginning of second or third year, the yield of wheat and maize declined rapidly of non-fertilizer treatment, remaining low level all along subsequently; After 15 years later, there was no remarkable difference in yield between wheat and maize of every fertilizer treatment; The kernel number of wheat was increased remarkable in inorangic fertilizer treatment, which was an important measure to ensure plateau and high production of wheat; At the same time, organic manure played an important role in increased the yield of maize and grain weight of wheat.2 Long-term application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure had in favor of increasing the content of kernel protein, amino acid, crude fat and soluble sugar, besides that, the nutrition quality of kernel was also improved.3 The content of nitrogen in crop straw and maize kernel, the accumulation of nitrogen in wheat straw were improved in inorganic fertilizer treatment, which means inefficacy accumulation of nitrogrn in nutrition apparatus. The nitrogen content, accumulation and uptaking in crop apparatus were increased with the nitrogen application increased. It has no remarkable effect on nitrogen transport rate in kernel. The application of organic manure stimulated the nitrogen content, accumulation and uptaking in crop apparatus, but lower than inorganic fertilizer treatment(not including nitrogen accumulation of maize straw). The nitrogen content of wheat, nitrogen transfer of wheat kernel and nitrogen uptaking of crop were increased with the improvement of fertilizer application. The inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure treatment improved nitrogen content of wheat kernel remarkable, increased the kernel nitrogen transfer content, consequently, improved the nitrogen unit of kernel output, increased the nitrogen utilization efficiency.4 Compared with other two fertilization method, the phosphor content of maize straw were improved in inorganic fertilizer treatment. The phosphor content and accumulation in wheat straw, transfer content of wheat kernel were increased with the improvement of nitrogen application; Organic manure stimulated uptaking of phosphor, improved the phosphor content and phosphor transfer content in kernel, and phosphor physiological efficiency were also increased with the improvement of nitrogen application. Compared with other two fertilization method, inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure stimulated phosphor uptaking more, improved phosphor content in wheat straw and crop kernel, phosphor accumulation in straw, phosphor transfer content of crop kernel and phosphor uptaking. The unit kernel output of phosphor was also increased.5 Inorganic fertilizer treatment stimulated potassium uptaking in crop, leading potassium content in wheat straw, accumulation in crop straw and potassium physiological efficiency in maize were increased, as a result, leaded much potassium effortless accumulated in nutrition apparatus, not in favor of potassium uptaking; With the increasement of nitrogen application, potassium content and potassium accumulation in wheat straw, potassium transfer content in wheat kernel and potassium uptaking in wheat improved remarkale. Organic manure application stimulated potassium uptaking of crop, improved potassium accumulation in crop straw, stimulated potassium transfer in kernel. With increasement of the organic manure application, the potassium transfer rate of kernel and kernel output of unit potassium were improved remarkable. Inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure improved the potassium content of maize straw and crop kernel more, stimulated potassium transfer in kernel, improved potassium physiological efficiency of wheat.6 Compared with 21 years ago, fertilizer application can improved the soil fertility at different level, long-term application organic manure or inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure not only improved large amount soil element, but also increased available trace element remarkable.