The Rule And The Study Of Regulation Of Pigments Accumulation In Maize Kernel

Five colours maize cultivars(Black, Purple, Red, White, yellow)were used in the present study. The yellow varieties were Zhengdan958, Nongda 108, Tebaoerhao, Xixinghuangnuoliuhao, Xiangnuoerhao, The purple varieties were Zinuoxiang, Zixiangnuoyihao, Zinuowehao; The red varieties were Xixingchinuoyihao, Hongmanao; The white varieties were Yuxiangnuo;The balck varieties were Xixingchinuoyihao, Heibaogong, Xiangnuomoyu, Texuanheinuo; The effects of shade on the development and rule of pigment in the seed of maize after pollination were investigated by the physiological and biochemical method with the parts of pigments, the activity of PAL, the content of soluble protein, the activity of SOD,CAT,POD,MDA, the content of soluble sugar and starch. The effect of shade was studied on the content of carotenoid, anthocyanin, flavonoid, total phenolics. It was made a sample by Tebaoerhao, Xixingchinuoyihao, Zinuoxiang, Xixingheinuoyihao, Yuxiangnuo.The main results were follows:1 Conditions for extraction of anthocyanin from maize It was optimized that the conditions of extracting pigment from Zinuoxiang, Xixingchinuoyihao and Xixiheinuoyihao with methanol by odd factor experiments. The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: fresh sample, 2%HCl methanol, but Xixingchinuoyihao 4% HCl methanol, extraction times 2, extraction time 1.5h, extraction temperature 50℃, centrifugal time 10min, centrifugal speed 6000r/min, centrifugal temperature 25℃.2 Stability comparison of anthocyanin extracts in maize Seed The spectrum features and stability of anthocyanin extracts in seed of three maize were studied. The results were as follows: The maximum absorption peak of the pigment in seed of Xixingchinuoyihao was 506nm; The maximum absorption peak of the pigment in seed of Zinuoxiang was 510nm; The maximum absorption peak of the pigment in seed of Xixingheinuoyihao was 528nm. The colour of these three anthocyanin extracts were red wine colour, carmine, rose colour;The results also indicated that these three anthocyanin extracts were stable in room-light, stable at temperature from 20℃to 50℃, common salt , sugar cane, grape sugar, vitamin C, citric acid , acetic acid , antiseptic(C7H5NaO2) , some metal ions, such as Mg2+,Zn2+,Mn2+,Ca2+,K+,Na+ , these three anthocyanin extracts were sensitive to natural light,oxidant H2O2 (30%), reducing agent Na2SO3, some metal ions, such as Fe3+,Fe2+,Cu2+.3 The rule of pigments of seed in maizeIn this part, it was studied that the distribution of anthocyanin in the seed of different colour maizes by tissue section. The pigment was carotenoid in starchy endospern of the yellow maize mostly; There were anthocyanin in pericarp and seed coat of the red maize mostly. And carotenoid in starchy endospern of the red maize mostly; There were anthocyanin in aleurone layer of balck maize and purple maize mostly.It was also analysed that dynamic of seed pigment contents and absorption peak's wavelength of anthocyanidin at different development stages. The rule of pigments in the maize were rise– decline. The seed of red and yellow maize appeared at about 10th day after pollination. The seed of purple maize and black maize appeared at about 15th day after pollination. And shade reduce the pigments in maize.In maize the studies of anthocyanin and related studies are only focused on anthocyanin stability and anthocyanin structure. There are few reports based on the existent states and existen part of anthocyanins in maize.In flower, there are many articles in journal which are published about he existent states and existen part of anthocyanins. The researches showed that anthocyanin in purple maize was existed in aleurone layer. The colour of aleurone layer was uniform. It was confered that anthocyanin was dissolved in vacuole in aleurone layer cell uniformly. Anthocyanin in maize was cumulated removed stem firstly. And then it was extended.4 The effects shading on pigments of seed in maize Shade reduce the pigments in maize.PAL activity in four colour of maize were rise - decline. There was a significant difference among shading and non- shading. Shading treatment decreased PAL activity. Seed had a lower PAL activity in the shading treatment. There was same trend between shading and non- shading.There was marked positive correlation between PAL activity and pigments.The content of soluble protein and MDA activity increased during DAP;The trend of SOD, CAT, POD activity were decline. Seed had a higher protein content and activity SOD, CAT, POD in the shading treatment; Seed had a lower activity MDA.Pigments had extra significantly negative correlation with SOD, CAT, POD activity. There was positive correlation between the content of soluble protein and MDA activity and pigments.The content of soluble were rise - decline in maize; And the content of starch were rise in maize. Shading treatment decreased the content of soluble and starch distinctly.The content of soluble had significantly positive correlation with the content of soluble. There were also marked positive correlation between starch content and pigments content.5 Effects of dissimilar farina pollination on the content of pigments There were anthocyanin in pericarp and seed coat of the red maize (no xenia)and carotenoid in starchy endospern of the red maize (xenia). The pigment was carotenoid in starchy endospern of the yellow maize(xenia) and there are no pigments in the other parts. There were anthocyanin in aleurone layer of balck maize and purple maize(xenia). And there are no pigments in the other parts. There were two betweer combinations.They were C×Z and C×H. They had more content of anthocyanin than content summation in their parents.