Study On Forest Landscape Ecology Management Planning Based On GIS

This paper, basing on forest management survey database of 1989 and 2006 and forest type map (scale at 1: 25000) and topography of nature resource (scale at 1: 25000) of Mengjiagang Centre Heilongjiang Province, on a GIS platform and the software of FragStats, calculates the index of landscape pattern. Comparing the dynamics of the indexes of two periods, systematically analyses the dynamic of the landscape spatial structure of Mengjiagang Centre . According to the condition of physiognomy and vegetation cover, several ecological affecting factors have been chosen. Based on these factors, in ways of principal analyses, the index system for evaluating the rank of protecting firstly has formed. Meanwhile, with the information of the diversity of species, the GIS have made the map of species diversity in different ranks. In combination with the main principles for landscape ecological planning and the results above, the conclusion of the dynamics of landscape heterogeneity and the results of planning are as follows:The matrix of Mengjiagang Centre is forest. During seventeen years, the area of forest land and farmland increase, at the "same time non-forest land area turns decrease and distributing range concentrate. Forest- covered ratio rise, artificial forest area increases much more and forest structure also improves.The dynamics of landscape result indicates that with the landscape elemental types of the study area increases, and landscape diversity index and landscape dominance increases, the fragment index and isolation index of forest landscape increases. Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rup is the dominating landscape element type in this region, but its landscape dominance is decreasing gradually, so the result implies that Larix gmelini (Rupr. ) Rup landscape element translate into other landscape elements.This paper applied with landscape internal structural index analyses the dynamics of forest landscape of Mengjiagang Centre, and the result implies that Broad-leaved forest and Mixed forest landscape were mainly made of mature and overmature age. Three main coniferous forest landscape elements are mainly made of middle age and near-mature age. Human activities are the main influence factor on forest, which accelerate the simplification of age structure of coniferous forest.Landscapes of Mengjiagang Centre in the future were estimated using the Markov matrix. The results showed that areas of wasteland and swampland decreased year by year. 25.70% wasteland translate into farmland, and 73.08% Wasteland translate into Closed forest, for forested on wasteland. Forest farm make use of all glebe to reclaim woodland, 28.18% swampland translate into farmland, and 64.71% swampland translate into Closed forest, the value of forest farm is actualize fully. Changes of landscape types of many patches resulted from human being activities, but the dominating factors of landscapes changed a little.By emphasizing considerations of landscape key elemental factors, landscape biological diversity optimizations and spatial ecological rationalities of the landscape units, functional sub-areas of landscapes establishments of ecological corridors by using an integrating method of landscape main factor analysis and pattern optimization, the technology of GIS space information treatment and the principle of operations research.To sum up, this paper mainly, in a perspective of landscape ecology, explores the variations in landscape pattern and it is ecological planning. The results of this research may provide references for the similar landscape ecological planning.