| Gneiss mountainous area of serious sandy soil and poor water and fertilizer preservation is widely distributed over our country,where is extremely harsh for planting and ecological environment constructing.How to improve the capability of preserving soil moisture to ensure success of forestation and normal growth in the inclement natural environment of arid and semi-arid lithoid mountainous areas is a key technological issue.In order to overcome the shortage of water resources of the negative impact, according to the terrain stave characteristic of gneiss area,By taking Rhus typhina L.,Prunus sibirica Lam.and Cotinus coggygria Scop.as the research object,mainly relying on different soil preparation and slope surface treatment,based on a field test of physiological index,the investigation on the growth and soil water content under different water-harvesting and soil conservation measures,which were wing-style fish-scale pits(YY),wing-style fish-scale pits + soil absorbent polymers(YY+B),wing-style fish-scale pits + stone-mulching(YY+S),wing-style fish-scale pits + straw-mulching(YY+J), wing-style fish-scale pits + soil absorbent polymers + straw-mulching(YY+B+J) and wing-style fish-scale pits + soil absorbent polymers + stone-mulching(YY+B+S) on natural slope(Z) and spraying nanomaterial leakproof(F).This paper analyzed the effect of different water-harvesting and soil conservation measures.The objective of this study was to provide a theoretical base for silviculture and technical support for young plantations of such inclement gneiss mountainous area.The results were as follows:(1)YY+S,YY+J/YY+Z can be greatly improved soil moisture condition for planting.There were significant difference of soil water content(SWC) among treatment with different water-harvesting and soil water conservation measures,which can largely improve soil moisture conditions of trees, especially YY+S which possed better storage function,were propitious to increase the using ration of rainfall,and YY + S can last the longest duration.The 6th day after rainfall of 13.3 mm,the SWC of Rhus typhina L.of YY+S was still higher than 43.19%compared to the CK.The 9th day after rainfall of 34.9 mm,the SWC of Planting hole of Prunus sibirica Lam.of YY+S was 10.52%significantly greater than CK(was equal to 67.83%field water capacity ),YY+S was still higher than 50.57% compared to CK.The 9th day after rainfall of 34.9mm,the SWC of Cotinus coggygria Scop.of YY+J had significant differences(p＜0.05) comparing with CK,the SWC of F+YY+J was 8.78%,increased 39.57%than CK.(2) The growth increment of ground diameter(△d),height(△h),index of volume(△d~2·△ h) and shoot can be largely improved by taking suitable water-harvesting and soil water conservation measures,which were YY+S and YY+Z / YY+J.Spraying nanomaterial leakproof did not have any noticeable effect on growth.Treatments of YY+S and YY+Z can extremely significant improve Rhus typhina L.sapling growth,the△h of YY+S and YY+Z were 12.09 cm and 8.07 cm.YY+S was 194.88%higher than that of YY and it was 303%higher than that of CK,and the difference was extremely significant(P＜0.01),YY+Z was 96.83%higher than that of treatment YY and it was 109% higher than CK,and the difference was extremely significant(P＜0.01).The△d of YY+S and YY+Z were 0.43 cm and 0.40 cm.YY+S was 86.96%higher than that of YY and it was 115%higher than that of CK,and the difference was significant(P＜0.05),YY+Z was 100%higher than CK,and the difference was significant(P＜0.05).The△d~2·△h of YY+S and YY+Z were 2.24 cm~3 and 1.29 cm~3. YY+S was 9.18 times YY,17.67 times CK.YY+S was 4.86 times YY,and 9.75 times of using CK. After seven months,compared to the control,the growth increment of shoot of Prunus sibirica Lam. of the treatment with YY+J,YY+S were 58.84 cm and 58.54 cm respctively.YY+J was 120.87% higher than CK,YY+S was 119.74%higher than CK.The growth increment of shoot of Cotinus coggygria Scop.of YY+S,YY+J were 90.80 cm,89.30 cm respectively,compared to the control,was about 36.54%,34.29%higher respectively.(3) Measures of YY+Z/YY+J and YY+S can increase the photosynthetic rate of young trees, which was the physiological mechanisms of the growth of young trees.The Pn of Rhus typhina L.of the treatment with YY+Z,and YY+S were significant higher than YY and CK,the Pn increase scope reached above 52.69%.The Pn of Prunus sibirica Lam.YY+S,YY+J were respectively 41.10%, 24.23%higher than CK at 8am..The total quantity of ch1 a and ch1 b was increasing by taking water-harvesting and soil water conservation measures.That which symbolized these treatments has increased WUE.The contents of ch1 Prunus sibirica Lam.of YY+S was 1.43 mg/g,was 109.74% higher than the YY,was 91.90%higher than CK.The content of ch1 Cotinus coggygria Scop.of YY+J was 2.25 mg/g,was 33.93%higher than CK.(4) Studies showed that YY+J,YY+S had the best affection in gneiss rocky mountains through providing water-harvesing and soil water conservation measures,and suggested the results of the project will make this technique have a widely use and provide a theoretical base and technical tending for young plantations in the similar area of North China,at the same time it will promote the sustainable development of economy and society. |
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