| Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is not only one of the principal cereal crops for malting and brewing industry meanwhile as feed for animal husbandry in the world,but also an established model species for genetic and physiological studies.Wild barley(Hordeum. spontaneum)is the progenitor of cultivated barley and is widely distibuted over the eastern Mediterranean rim and west Asia,with the majority of the primary and secondary habitats in the Jordan Valley.The centre of diversity for wild barley and the primary site of domestication are considered to be the Fertile Crescent of the Near East.The objective in this study is to evaluate the genetic diversity at DNA and seed protein levels between a single wild barley population from a natural habitat in the Jordan Valley(Mehola),Israel and compare it with the counterpart of barley cultivars from different countries of the world,ranging from Europe,America,Asia to Oceania.The results indicated that:(1)PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)with intron-splice junction primer and long random primers was adopted to investigate the genetic diversity between the 15 wild barley from the natural population and 14 barley varieties come from different countries of the world by using PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)with intron-splice junction primer and long random primers.A total of 101 DNA fragments across all materials were scored,among them 73 were polymorphic as indicated by their absence in at least one of the 29 accessions tested, indicating a high variation at the DNA level among those accessions.Pair-wise genetic similarity ranged from 0.631～0.990.(2)Acid-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis(A-PAGE)was adopted to investigate the genetic diversity of prolamins between the 15 wild barley accessions from the natural population and 14 barley varieties come from different countries of the world.The results indicated that 52 bands were observed in a total of 29 materials.The frequency of each band ranged from 3.44%to 93.1%,and diversity index was between 0.066 and 0.386.Using Chinese Spring(CS)as a control,barley prolamin bands were divided into four zones,ω,β,γandαrespectively.The results showed that among the wild barley and barley cultivars,the number of bands inωzone ranks the first,followed byβzone,but difference between the wild and cultivated barleys exist mainly inγandαzones.The band number inαzone of the wild barley accessions was 73 while 67 inαzone of barley cultivars. Statistics by Shannon-scale diversity,results showed that:the diversity index in wild barley isβzone＞ωzone＞αzone＞γzone with the value of 0.362,0.354,0.257,0.226 respectively.The diversity index in barley cultivars isωzone＞βzone＞γzone＞αzone with the value are 0.350, 0.329,0.304 and 0.259 respectively.Compared the diversity index of each region,indicated that the diversity inωandβzones of the wild barley is higher than that of barley cultivars. But inγandαthe result is convertrovey.Our results not only highlight the significance of existing Haifa ex-situ wild barley collection but also provide imperative reasons for in-situ conservation of wild arley as well as wild wheat in the Jordan Valley,where there bound be numerous more wild cereals harbouring much higher diversity than those already identified in the ex-situ populations.Compared to the barley cultivars,wild barley possess more variations,as well as many more alleles associated with specific environment.One of the major outcomes of evaluating genetic diversity between natural populations of the wild barley and cultivar is that it can identify the potential genetic resources to overcome lacking of genetic resources caused by long-term artificial selection. |
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