The Study On The Saline Soil Spectrum, Spatial Characteristic And Composition In The Arid Regions

Saline-alkali soil has already become a global environmental problem faced together in whole world at present. It is the floorbord of solonization course and salinization course soil. Soil salinization and secondary salinization have been important environment problem, which effected industry and agriculture badly and more and more been thought much of. Xinjiang is the main area where saline-alkali soil of our country is distributed, the whole area nearly has saline-alkali soil in various degree that is distributed, which exert a tremendous influence to agricultural production, so realizing dynamic monitoring to saline-alkali soil, obtaining development information of saline-alkali soil in time, making a reasonable scheme to control saline-alkali soil, controlling the further deterioration of the saline-alkali soil, becomes one of the present urgent tasks.Author has investigated and examined some on the spot through a large number of field, proposing the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers which are located in the North of Tarim Basin considered as the typical area, utilizing ETM+ remote sensing image data to make spectral analysis, the characteristics of different spectrum according to different saline-alkali soil. On the basis of understanding to remote sensing mechanism and surface feature spectrum in the field theory thoroughly.Firstly, this paper approaches the coupling degree of the image spectrum of remote sensing and the corresponding surface feature spectrum in the field of Open-air measurement, and the information of the saline-alkali soil is drawn utilizing the spectrum characteristic of surface feature on the basis of this foundation. We can get reflecting rate image after the pretreatment of remote sensing data, ETM+ image, and comparatively analyzes the anisochronous spectrum data and it and receives their coefficient correlation value, 0.9306.so we can use reflecting rate image to analyze spectrum data replacing the corresponding surface feature spectrum in the field of Open-air measurement. By construing the difference of the several kinds of typical surface features in this area in terms of the mechanism of the spectrum and spectrum curve, this is theory base and practice foreshadowing further of drawing saline-alkali soil information make kind.Secondly, using hue saturation value (HSV),principal components analysis (PCA ) and Tasseled Cap Transformation to deal with image picture separately, utilizing the Spectral Angel Mapper method of supervised classification of PCI software to classify and compare the treated image picture separately, according to spectrum value ,we can define the interest district of different saline-alkali soil directly, classify through supervising, reach the accurate purpose to monitor saline-alkali soil dynamically, offer administration and preventing it from further worse of saline-alkali soil and prompt saline-alkali soil developing message.Thirdly, Carry on study to the saline soil spatial characteristic and composition. According to spectrum value, we can define the interest district of different saline-alkali soil directly, classify through supervising, reach the accurate purpose to monitor saline-alkali soil dynamically, offer administration and preventing it from further worse of saline-alkali soil and prompt saline-alkali soil developing message. We should use macroscopic and microcosmic ways to study.This paper is divided into six parts altogether:In the first part, it is the part of introduction, and describes the meaning of the selected title and research current situation mainly, including research current situation of surface feature spectrum.In the second part, enunciate the study area situation(It is mainly natural geographical environment and social economic condition),method investigated in field and source of the datum.In the third part, enunciate the importance of remote sensing and spectrum technology in the saline-alkali soil. Meanwhile, make the technological route of the research contents.In the fourth part, it comparatively analyses the information spectrum data of remote sensing and the measure spectrum for several kinds of typical surface features, and deals with and analyzes the remote sensing data and open-air measurement separately, and finds their coefficient correlation better that the spectrum data of the remote sensing image reflects one's own spectrum characteristic of surface feature well, what's more, has established the relation between spectrum knowledge base as well as soil salt factor and open-air spectrum of this oasis.In the fifth part, using the spacial method to analyze the saline-alkali soil characteristic (conductivity and salt content) in study area, and by the kinds of methods to study the component of saline-alkali soil.In the sixth part, it mainly reviews and summarizes this paper, and pointes out the shortage the question to be pondered further.The result of this research will produce the significant meaning for the research on the saline-alkali soil in the arid area. And in the expansion XinJiang that a large part of it belongs to the arid area, taking the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers as study area has realistic meaning to the environment research in arid area.