Studies On Antigen Location And Diagnosis Of Broiler Breeder Infected With Avian Retroviruses

At present, it was common that chickens infected with retroviruses. Co-infection caused a lot of loss to cultivation. From fact of avian prevention and cure, pathological model was established in broiler breed that were inoculated with strain HN of ALV-J and strain SNV of REV. It was studied that how to change to indexes of blood, how to distribut about antigen in organs or tissues and relationship between tumor formation and antigen quantity and dynamic changes of histopathology of different organs. This result provided theory for recognition, study, diagnosis and control, and provided forceful diagnosis methods for retrovirus co-infection early.Changes of peripheral leucocytes, lymphocytes and serum indexes with day changes were detected. The results showed that the quantity of leucocytes and lymphocytes of co-infection group were lower than quantity of ALV-J or REV alone. From 1 week to 4 weeks, the quantity of leucocytes and lymphocytes were lower and higher from 4 weeks to 7 weeks. At 1 week of age the serum indexes was distinguished differently between co-infection group and control group, at the same time weight was distinguished differently at 5 weeks of age. This showed that it was such more serious that co-infection as compared to birds infected with ALV-J or REV alone that effected bone marrow stem cell transform function of mature leukocytes and thymic mature T lymphocyte function degrade indirectly effect immune function. The results of serum indexes showed it could be detected as an index of diagonosis on growth suppression earlier, the same time serum concentration of tumor formation of chickens was lower than that of no tumor formation. So these date could be detected for tumor existing.Dynamic changes of histopathology were studied on immune organs and some visceral organs. The results showed that livers were swell, fragile and yellow, proventriculus were swell and mucosa were amotio and nipples were serious congestion. Atrophy of the bursa and thymus of co-infecton were more serious to be compared to control or to birds infected with ALV-J or REV alone. Dynamic changes of histopathology showed that process of immune organs and some visceral organs of co-infection were more serious than the process of REV or ALV-J alone. REV and ALV-J mainly made hyperplasia of reticular cells and lymphocyte, myelocyte could be seen occasionally. ALV-J mainly made hyperplasia of eosinocytes proliferate and REV mainly made hyperplasia of reticular cells and lymphocyte.The distribution of antigens was detected in different organs by immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis of lymphocytes in immune organs were detected by TUNEL. The results showed that antigen of REV or ALV-J could be seen in immune organs, liver, cardiac muscle, proventriculus, spleen testis and so on. Antigen of ALV-J could be seen in the same organs in different chickens. It is little rate that ALV-J and REV were detected in the same organ.The distribution of antigen of virus in co-infection were not different in organs or tissue compared as infection with REVor ALV-J alone. The results of apoptosis showed that ALV-J and REV could induce quantiy of incoordinate apoptosis of lymphocytes in thymus, bursa and spleen, Such phenomena were even more serious at 3–7 weeks. So it was concluded that the apoptosis of lymphocytes was the main reason that led to immunosuppression of body and atrophy of immune organs.The same results of detection of histopathology, detection of continue sections of IHC and detection of PCR showed that these methods fited detection of avian retrovirus. It was easy method to study tumor cell which were induced ALV-J and REV as diagnosis. The method of PCR was better than IHC as diagnosis of coinfection.This study showed that dynamic changes of histopathology of co-infacton were similar as the changes of histopathology of REV alone. These were joint action ALV-J to REV. The distribution of virus in co-infection was not different in organs or tissue compared as infection with REV or ALV-J alone. Dynamic changes of histopathology showed that process of immune organs and some visceral organs of co-infection were more serious than the process of REV or ALV-J alone. Serum concentration of tumor formation of chickens was lower than that of no tumor formation. So these date could be detected for tumor existing.