Assembly And Demonstration Of Wheat-Corn Conservation Tillage Techniques Of Dry-Land Farming Area In Henan

From the system theory viewpoint, take raises the moisture content use factor and the use efficiency as the core, take the wheat corn integration as the master line, take establishes dry-land farming yield increasing technical system as the goal, establishes the field test observation and the laboratory simulation rains unifies, the special research and the synthetic study unifies, the system has studied the local natural condition superiority and its question of west Henan, verified its local natural precipitation rule, the soil moisture movement rule and the loss rule, has been clear about the protective cultivated technique and the rationale, established the wheat corn two crops per year mechanization no (reduce) tillage mulch technology pattern, formulated the technical operation, it has been clear about 6 essential links and to provide the technical strut and the technical reserve. It shows that:1. We make clear that the main limiting factor.It was lack rain-fall, drought seriously, the uneven space distribution; Soil infertile, serious soil erosion, the precipitation use factor only 35-46%; Cultivation management extensive backward, the straw stalk field rate is below 40%.2.We studied that soil moisture content anniversary seasonal variation and the vertical section change preservation tillage, the soil moisture movement rule, provided the theory for the protection cultivated technique.It shows the protection cultivation obviously surpasses the traditional cultivation.3. We make clear that water deficit rule of wheat-corn two crops per year in dry-land farming in west Henan.(1)The corn arid frequently occurs, the different year occurs in the different birth time, The highest water deficit can reach to 95.6%. (2) Summer corn WRAR compares the wheat is higher 19.72%. Winter wheat average WRAR is 51.18%, highest is in the seedling stage 78.23%, lowest is in turns green time 21.10%; summer corn average WRAR is 70.9%, highest is in the elongation to teselling 110.6%, lowest is in seedling stage 55.0%.4. It was clear about the effect of water saving and water preserve under reduce (no) mulch technology. It has higher rainfall storage efficiency under no-till and subsoil in the precipitation normal, dry, situation much better effect in drought year.It has higher water content under winter wheat no-till + maize mulch pattern during growth stage, especially in plant water need urgent stage no-till mulch pattern to be able remarkably to enhance water use efficiency: The wheat may enhance 0.21-1.32kg/mm.ha, the corn may enhance 1.89-4.80kg/mm.ha.5. The protection cultivated technique may remarkably reduce the slope land water and soil nutrient erosion. Reduced the raindrop attack function, slows down the velocity of flow, the runoff times reduced 60%, the diameter current capacity reduced 80.30%. The nutrient drains seriously is the potassium, next is the nitrogen, the phosphorus drains relatively is smaller; the N corrosion quantity to reduce 7.71%, the P corrosion quantity reduces38.6%, the K corrosion quantity reduces 31.47%. The no-till mulch technology increase the soil ulmin, enhance soil microorganism edaphon activeness, enhances the soil fertility: The surface layer soil ulmin increases 0.02-0.03%, available NPK nutrient increases 0.16-14ppm. The microbic C content of cultivated horizon under no-till and subsoil is remarkable higher than tradition.6. Integrated west Henan the area "12355" the protective technique system. The main content for revolves a master line, to persist two basic points, do well three link up, to hold five links, achieves five goals. Revolves the wheat corn one master line, persisted keep water store soil moisture two basic points, holds the highly effective water used five essential links, through does well the variety, cultivates and cultivates three linking ups, realize saves water, resists natural calamities, fertilize gathering, synergize, the environmental protection five goals.7. The remarkable social economy benefit and ecology environmental protection benefit: Reduced the environmental pollution which the straw stalk burns down initiates, enhanced the cultivated horizon ulmin content, organic enhanced cultivated the soil fertility, carries on the multi-spots contrast experiment in 6 counties, save 345-675 Yuan per mu under different no (reduce) till pattern, increase expenditure 300-450 Yuan, total cost saving is795-975Yuan.