Studies On The Technics Of Extracting Swainsonine From Locoweed

Oxytropis and Astragalus species known as Locoweeds are responsible for Locoism and other problems.Locoweeds are mainly distributed on the vast rangeland,exceeding 11 million hectares,in northwest,north and southwest China. As one of the toxins of locoweed,Swainsonine is important to the research of Locoism. Generally swainsonine is extracted by the soxhlet extraction technology or the extraction in cold solvent,then purified gradually with acid liquid,alkali liquid and silica gel column chromatogram etc.Finally the residue was sublimed in 100℃olefin.This technics is unefficient and wastes a lot of solvent.Along with the further research of locoweed,more swainsonine is needed. The former technics was to be advanced.This experiment utilized 40 KHz supersonic cleaner to dispose some locoweed powder firstly , established the flow. Subsequently 20 KHz supersonic circulated extracting machine was utilized to dispose locoweed.The following extracting process was also simplified to shorten the cycle,save the solvent,so as to promote the swainsonine extracting efficiency from locoweed.1. Disposed 1.5 kg O.kansuensis powder with 40KHz ultrasound in water to substitute the traditional soxhlet extraction technology or the extraction in cold solvent,concentrated and removed the impurity,then extracted with n-butanol,which was extracted by sparse acid.Extracted the concentrated acid liquid with ammoniated chloroform.Concentrated the ammoniated chloroform to residue.The residue was sublimed in 100℃olefin and 24 mg white crystal was collected.The crystal was preliminary determined as swainsonine. The extraction rate was 16 mg/kg.Swainsonine was extracted by this technics from O.sericopetala,O.glacialis and A.variabilis,the extracting rate is 15 mg/kg,12 mg/kg and 17 mg/kg.2. Disposed 2 kg A.variabilis powder with 20 KHz ultrasound in water according to the new technics,the extracting rate was 14 mg/kg.Sequently disposed 20 kg A.variabilis powder with 20 KHz ultrasound in water according to the new technics,the extracting rate was 12 mg/kg.The outgrow of subliming swainsonine has been studied by means of the GC-MS,8 compounds was identified.3. Criteria curve of swainsonine liquid and GC peak area was drawn and tested...