| The genetic structures of clones in seed orchard and their open-pollination seeds of Pinus tabulaeformis carr., located in Xing Cheng county , Liaoning province , were studied by microsatellite (SSR) markers. This study can offer theoretical foundation and technical support for construction and rebuilding of high generation seed orchard. The main results were as follows:1) 11 polymorphic primers, which amplified clear bands with high SSR polymorphism, were screened from 101 primers that were broadly used in other tree species. Effects of Taq polymerase, concentrations of template, Mg2+, dNTP and primers on the results of SSR-PCR were analyzed. A stable and repeatable reaction system for SSR-PCR and its parameters were constructed. The results showed that the optimum quantities of template, Mg2+, dNTP, primer and Taq polymerase were 30ng, 0.25mmol·L-1, 0.25mmol·L-1, 250μmol·L-1 and 0.375U in the 15uL system, respectively.2)49 clones in seed orchard and their progeny populations were analyzed by SSR-PCR and detected by 6% polyacrylamide gel using the 11 primers. The stastical results showed that the numbers of allelic bands ranged from 100bp to 250bp using different primers averaged out 7.7273 in which the most was 10 and the least was 5.3) The population of all clones in seed orchard showed a high genetic diversity, whose PIC value was 0.7435, which was similar to other tree species. The mean observed heterozygosity was 0.7098, less than that of expected heterozygosity (He, 0.7263). There was no significance between observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity except for PtTX4001. F was 0.0086, close to zero, indicting that no significiant difference existed between heterozygotes and homozygotes of the parentage population. The value of Fst ranged from 0.008 (PtTX2146) to 0.2527 (PtTX4011) and averaged out 0.0576 that showed a 5.76% of genetic variation between populations, indicating that genetic variation within population was the primary (94.24%) .
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