Assessment Of Soil Salting Sensitivity Based On Land Use/Cover Types

Soil salinization is one important type of desertification and land degradation ,salt content limits the plant growth, especially for the Ebinur lake basin, which theecological environment is very fragile .Different land use types will make the role ofsoil in the accumulation of material changes, and the salt distribution in soil haveaccumulated a significant feature.Therefore unreasonable land-use will accelerate andincrease soil salinization, And in turn, increased soil salinization will limit the mannerand structure of land use,leading to degradation of land productivity.Thus using the 3Stechnology research the soil salinity sensitivity in different land use/cover and spatialdistribution is an important basis for implementation of the ecological environmentregional management.This paper chose the Ebinur lake region as a study area, based on the LandsatTM remote sensing data in 1990/2001/2010, used support vector machine (SVM) toclassify land use/cover types and soil salinization. Statistics and analysis of the area20 years of soil salinization, land use/cover spatial and temporal dynamics,andstatistical analysis of land use/cover types of soil salinity levels. Then we used theArcGIS to calculate sensitivity index of soil salinization and built the sensitivitymodel of regional soil salinization by using sensitivity index of soil salinization andproportion of different land use/cover types. We also used the Ordinary Kriging to geta spatial distribution map of sensitivity degree of regional soil salinization, and thespatial distribution map of sensitivity degree of regional soil salinization made ourstudy area become planar, continuous and visualized,to grasp the overall situation ofsoil salinization in the study area for salinity control and land management ,couldprovide a strong basis of science.Research has made the following conclusions:(1)The non-salinization is the most widely distributed in the study area , However, it has the slowest dynamics.Slightly saline soil increased first,thendecreased.In the past 20 years,moderate salinity has been showing a downwardtrend,severe salt distribution area in 1990, up to 366.35km2,Very severe saline soil hasthe least distribution, but its area make of rapid change,2001-2010 very severe saltedof dynamic degree is maximum of 17.26%, indicating very severe saline soil from2001 to 2010, tremendous changes have taken place;Very severe, severe, moderateand slightly salinized soil shift mainly in the lake and the lakeside Ebinur, whilenon-salinization and the other saline soil saline soil migrate mainly concentrated inthe area of outside the Ebinur Lake Area.(2)The study area,from 1990-2001 of 11 years, except the bare land areadecreased, the rest of class were to increase, due to the human causes, the fastestgrowing area is cultivated;And from 2001 to 2010 of 9 years, in addition to theincrease of cultivated land, the remaining area of land type were on the decline, as thestudy area is drought and a large number of cultivated farmland with the irrationalwater use, making the water area decreased the fastest.In the study area of the threestages(1990,2001,2010) salt marshes on reflects the highest salinity level, the rest landtype have the general trend of soil salinization in a more consistent level ofperformance.(3)In the study period, expect the salt marshes,the highest sensitivity index isbare ground , the sensitivity index >0.05 in three years,because the saline soil widelydistributed in it. The farmland, woodland, sandy land salinization sensitivity index<0.05(4)By the sensitivity of the spatial distribution of soil salinity can be seen in thestudy area easily to salinization.Salt marshes on Lake Ebinur most easily tosalinization occurs, lake outside, saltworks, desert near the edge of lake and bareground outside the oasis more easy to salinization.Oasis and desert in the transitionzone of low vegetation cover easily to salinization.The center of lake and growing well farmland, forest land and in the high grass cover is not easy or slightly prone tosalinization. Therefore, it is necessary to rational use of land, improve soilenvironment, it is necessary to strengthen governance Ebinur region and preventsalinization, further improve the ecological environment of Ebinur region .