Research Of Planting And Management Technological Model In Walnut-Crop Intercropping System

In order to find the reasonable intercropping pattern and the feasible management measures for walnut-crop intercropping system, under irrigation condition in arid oasis of the Tarim Basin. Form Mar. 2009 to Oct.2010, we studied the observation of intercropping environment, investigation on the growth activities and yield variation of walnut and crop. We also discussed the management measures of improving walnut yield in intercropping conditions. This paper makes a detailed analysis of walnut's growth and development, the change trends of soil moisture and nutrient content, yield trends of wheat and cotton, the effect of spraying foliage fertilizer and emasculation. Main conclusions were as follow:1. Five main cultivars of walnut in Akesu, female flowers first development of'Wen185'and'Xinfeng' with male flowers first development of'Za343',Xin Zaofeng'and'Xinxin2'can mutual as pollination varieties. But the suitable varieties are'Wen185'and'Xinxin2'for intercropping, during the five main cultivars. In walnut-crop intercropping system, there are water demand overlap duration and conflict phase during walnut, wheat and cotton. Their irrigation can be carried out simultaneously in water demand overlap duration. Walnut irrigation can be carried out alone in cotton seedling and after harvesting wheat etc.2. The pubertal peak of walnut leaves and new shoots have consistency in time domain. Subsequently, walnut fruit into the fast growing period. When aerial part to stagnation, new roots began to largely appear. The pubertal peak of aerial part and underground part staggered occurrence, but growth was carried out simultaneously. In a certain period, there are contest for nutrient and photosynthate.3. After intercropping of walnut and crop, light intensity abate, wind speed decrease, temperature drop, increasing humidity in intercropping system, due to the influence of walnut trees. On general, the farther from the walnut trees, the higher soil water storage and distribution of soil nutrient, and vice versa. It shows that there are competition of soil moisture and nutrient between walnut and crop. The competition region changes with intercrops and walnut trees body size changes. In walnut-wheat intercropping system, fierce competition region of 6mx8m soil moisture and nutrients located in 2.25m,3.25m range on both sides of walnut trees,5m×6m located in 2.1m,2.1m range on both sides of walnut trees. In walnut-cotton intercropping system, fierce competition region of 6m×8m soil moisture and nutrients are in the 2.1m range on both sides of walnut trees.4. The closer from the walnut trees, the lower the crop yield in walnut-crop intercropping system. And the smaller planting spacing for the walnut trees, the more obvious change trend. Wheat and cotton yield was higher in 6mx8m intercropping patterns. This shows that planting spacing at least 6mx8m in walnut-crop intercropping system, if we want to extend the intercropping time, planting spacing to a larger extent.5. In the intercropping condition of Akesu in Xinjiang, we chose 9 year old walnut as the test material to implement emasculation, florescence spray liquid fertilizer and walnut whole growth process spray liquid fertilizer test, walnut yields respectively improve proportion are 16.61%,13.99%,10.90%. In florescence, spray liquid fertilizer to emasculation trees, walnut yield increase 26.37%。It shows implement emasculation florescence and spray liquid fertilizer are both productive measures.