Species Diversity And Resource Evaluation Of Wild Edible Mushrooms From The Market In Northestern China

The wild commercial mushrooms in the market of Northeastern China (including Jilin province, Liaoning province, Heilongjiang province and east areas of Inner Mongolia) were surveyed from the point of taxonomy in the present study. Forty-three species belonging to 30 genra,25 families,8 orders,3 classed,2 phyla were identified through macro-and microscopic examination; 3 genra,3 families,2 orders and 2 classes belonged to Ascomycota,27 genra,22 families,6 orders and 1 class belonged to Basidiomycota. Among them, four species, Lyophyllum sykosporum Hongo & Clemencon, Clitopilus lignyotus Hongo, Tricholoma radicans Hongo and Lactarius glaucescens Crossl were new to China, three species, Cortinarius obtusus (Fr.) Fr., Tricholoma psammopus (Kalchbr.) and Agaricus perrarus Schulzer. were new to Jilin province. For each species, the local name, collecting method, price, cooking method, functions, poisonous accident and allied species were surveyed.A total of 165 specimens from the market and The Herbarium of Mycology of Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU) were collected and examined. The morphological characters and line drawings were given, the microscopic characters of each species were photographed by a digital microscopy. The Keys for these 43 species were compiled.People collect wild mushrooms for their economic value, so that several highly prized species of mushroom were over-collected, their habitat were also destroyed badly. Several measurements for conserving the over-collected species were given (such as Tricholoma mongolicum, Tricholoma matsutake, Morchella spongiola, Hericium erinaceus). Based on market survey and conference study, some species such as Lyophyllum connatum, Lyophyllum ulmarium, Hericium coralloides, Gloeostereum incarnatum, Hypsizygus marmoreus and so on.were suggested to be further extended.Twenty-five common mushrooms in the market of Northeastern China were selected and evaluated for their safety, especially emphasized on their heavy metals levels (Pb, Cd, Sn, Hg). They were divided into 3 types based on their substrates and ecological characteristics. Tricholoma myomyces, Lepista nuda, Clitocybe nebularis, Pholiota terrestris, Hygrophorus chrysodon, Phaeolepiota aurea, Hygrophorus lucorum, Hygrophorus russula, Agaricus perrarus, Tricholoma matsutake, Tricholoma populinum, Boletus edulis, Suillus grevillei, Chroogomphus rutilus, Helvella crispa, Morchella spongiola were belonged to soil-inhabating fungi, Lentinula edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hericium erinaceus, Laetiporus cremeiporus, Pholiota adiposa, Grifola frondosa, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Panellus edulis were belonged to wood-inhabating fungi, Armillaria oostoyae was wood-and soil-inhabating fungi. The results were compared with heavy metal level of GB7096-2003 and Green food. The quality of these wild mushroom were evaluated and attached the suggestions.