| Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) for the rose family (Rosaceae) Rubus (Rubus L.) plants, shrubs, small berries are fruit trees. Both ecological and economic benefits are higher than other species. Recent years in Liaoning region, with the expansion of production area of raspberry, raspberrys in the production area suffer a variety of diseases or insert pests. Some of the raspberry pests caused serious economic losses. Domestic research on raspberry emphasis on cultivation,management,storage and processing aspects, while there is only a few report on the raspberry pests, For the raspberry production process there are a lack of scientific basis for pest control. To this end,the author in 2008-2009 years in Liaoning Province were systematically investigation raspberry pest, identified and occurrence investigations on pest have been done, and raspberry anthracnose was more in-depth study. The results are as follows:1.Through surveys found 7 raspberry infectious diseases in the Liaoning Province,there are:raspberry gray mold, raspberry gray spot, raspberry anthracnose, raspberry spot blotch, raspberry root knot, raspberry rust, raspberry seedling blight;slime molds namely:raspberry slime molds; 5 raspberry physiological diseases, namely:raspberry frozen injury,raspberry treetop blight, raspberry fruit sun scald, raspberry Seeding sun scald, raspberry fruit split.2. Infectious diseases pathogen identified on Liaoning raspberry was identified six kinds of fungi were identified, namely:Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora.rosicola,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Septoria sp.,Phragmidium paucilocular, Rhizoctonia solani; one kind of bacteria, namely:Agrobacterium tumefaciens.1 species of slime molds, Fuligo septica,3.Through the investigation found 28 species of raspberry pests in Liaoning Province, which include 11 species of Lepidoptera,6 species of Coleoptera,5 species of Hemiptera,3 species of others.There are:Popillia quadriguttata, Potosia brevitarsis, Hyphantria cunea, Monolepta hieroglyphica, Panonychus ulmi, Ostrinia zealis varialis, Thripidae, Dinumma deponens, Polia illoba, Mimela splendens, Aromia bungii, Euricanid clara Kato, Malacosoma Neustria testacea, Culcula panterinaria, Euproctis flaua, Teia ericae, Cnidocampa flavescens, Parasa sinica, Thosea sinensis, Atractomorpha sinensis, Holochlora nawae, Dolycoris baccanum, Eurydema gebleri, Aeschyntelus chinesis, Halyomorpha halys, Coreus marginatus orientalis, Agelastica coerulea, Tettigoniella viridis.4. According to the results of the investigation more than two years, combined experience of some growers in the prevention, draughted the Liaoning raspberry IPM calendar.5. The samples which are collected from planting area of raspberry in Shenyang,Dandong of Liaoning province from 2008 to 2009, and pathogenicity of fungal isolates obtaind from the samples was tested by verifiable standard means of the Koch' Postulation and the pathogen was indentified.Colletotrichum gloeospori-oides is the caused of raspberry anthracnose, and ITS sequence analysis test to prove this.6. In this study the biological characteristics of raspberry anthracnose pathogen be elaborates:Colletotrichum gloeosporioides optimal growth temperature is 25℃; when pH value is 6, it have the fastest growth of colonies; light on the colony growth rate has some impact, but it did not show significant differences in the degree level; in all tested species of C, N source medium and colony growth rate are quite different, mannitol is the most appropriate C source, yeast extract is the most suitable N source; in the tested six kinds of medium the most suitable for PDA medium; mycelium lethal temperature is 48℃.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides spore of the optimal conditions for 20～25℃, pH6～8, the best interests of C source produce spores mannitol and fructose; most favorable to spore N source is peptone; produce the most cultured spores base is a PDA, raspberry leaf, apple pieces and corn flour.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides spores in the initial germination period of 2h, at about 5h germination rate can reach about 50%,90% can be achieved in more than 10h.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides germinati on wide temperature range, in 5℃-40℃could germinate. under the conditions of 30℃when the spore germination rate can reach 92%,25℃-35℃the spore germination rate can reach 80% or more; their optimum germination pH5～9; in the tested range of nutrients, the most suitable for germination is the glucose and sucrose; conidia lethal temperature is 54℃.7. Study on primary management of raspberry anthracnose. Found that the two fungicides on the colony of raspberry anthracnose pathogen growth and spore germination inhibition were good, there are Sporgon and famoxadone-flusilazole. To ues difenoconazole, polyoxin,iprodione have a inhibition efficiency to raspberry anthracnose pathogen growth of 75%-96%, those three fungicides can be consider and use the integrated control of other diseases. |
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