The Study Of Runoff Control Key Technologies And Models In Red Soil Region

The rainfall was concentrated in the period from April to September in southern red soil region with heavy rainfall intensity and higher precipitation. The specific soil parent material led to less corrosion resistance. Futhermore, the contradiction between people and land accelerated seriously soil erosion, severely restricted the development of the regional socio-economic and ecological environment construction. Thus, according to the rule of soil runoff erosion in the slopeland, the appropriate control technologies and management models were generalized based on the influencing factors of runoff, which, in turn, to control red soil losses.This study is based on a lot of study of literature on soil erosion in the red soil area. Through field investigation on the typical areas, we analyzed the different types of gully erosion characteristics in the red soil area, summed up the key technologies of runoff controlling in the current red area. Different types of slope runoff controlling mode has been established initially, the soil and water conservation (SWC) Science and Technology Park in Jiangxi and Changting County in Fujian were selected for typical erosion area, including small scale about integrated catchment slope and large scale about county-level regions. The runoff control effectiveness on the management model were analyzed, main results are as follows:(1) There is serious soil erosion in the red soil region, vegetation on the collapse hill slope is sparse, and slope is larger. Highly serious erosion often happened because of the runoff and gravity; slope erosion understory is exposed serious, vegetation structure is single; site conditions of hilly barren wasteland is poor and the economy is limited; Management of sloping land farming is unreasonable, the crop coverage is very low during the early and late crops harvested, which cause large runoff volume and serious soil erosion.(2) Runoffs controlling engineering measures include closure, diversion and storage convergence with engineering and polymer stream plant closure technology and farming techniques. Anti-slope terrace, level terrace can adapt to characteristics of red soil area's base, which is shorter hilly slope length and thinner layer, horizontal trenches and fish-scale pit is an afforestation land preparation technique which is suitable for sparse pine forest slopes and wasteland; drainage ditches and gutters are simple and flexible diversion measures, which are often combined with the reservoirs to form a convergence and storage system with a complete slope.the bamboo drainage ditches can be widely used in serious eroded slope, and effect closure and diversion, such as collapse hill top, the adjacent slope of cultivated and non cultivated land; the plant technology of contour hedgerows, crops intercropping and the farming technology of contour farming, horizontal trench farming, covered the ground have the advantages of economical and easily promoted which are the run-off closure, poly flow control technology widely used in the red zone slope cultivated land.(3) Different types of red soil slope have different erosion characteristics; their flow control models of governance are also different. For the erosion of the collapse, the governance model of "slope, descending slope, fixed slope", can quickly prevent the further development of post collapse; for the forest erosion, the governance model of "rapid vegetation cover" with shrubs and grass in sparse pine forest, can promote ecosystem restoration; the governance model of "the green manure intercropping, ground cover combined with bamboo groove, poly flow hole" in gardening, can prevent soil erosion while improving the garden soil nutrient and moisture, increase production; for wasteland slope, considering of economic principles, pre-treatment is main closing management; the fruit development model of changing slopes into terraced fields is used in late stage. For sloping land, the contour farming and the ground cover are mainly used in the gentle slope, the model of "combination of slope-style terrace and ground water systems " is used in steep slopes and both have tremendous benefits on SWC.Through the profit analysis of comprehensive governance model of the typical area in the SWC Science and Technology Park in Jiangxi and Changting County in Fujian, it shows that since the red soil area used the governance model of runoff control, has made good ecological, economic and social benefits, and provides a good reference for the governance of red soil erosion.