| Instead of natural control to the pests, long-term and frequent application of chemical insecticides had destroyed the balance of ecosystem. Due to the advantages of convenience, simplification and economization, chemical insecticides was widely used and regarded as an important mean of pest management at present when environment protection was stressed deeply. It was significant to use insecticide in reason and harmonize chemical management and bio-control for the function of nature animal.To research the insecticides effects on the population and the community diversity of aquatic animal and soil animal, 7 insecticides, which are Fipronil, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Chlorpyrifos, Deltamethrin, Bisultap, triazophos, Abamectin, and their mixtures were been studied in the paper. The chief results were summarized as follows: In the toxicities tests to aquatic animal in the room, the results showed that Deltamethrin and Lambda-cyhalothrin, which the actual toxicities in the 24 hours on fish, loaches and tadpoles all are above 100%, were the most high toxicity, and that Chlorpyrifos and Triazophos, which the actual toxicities in the 24 hours on them are bellow 54%, were the more high toxicity, and that Fipronil and Abamectin were relatively safe, which the actual toxicities in the 24 hours on them are 22%, and that Bisultap was completely safe, which the actual toxicities in the 24 hours on them are bellow 4%. The results in the paddy field were the same as in the room except Deltamethrin. which showed low toxic and were basically safe in the paddy. In the toxicities tests to soil animals, the results showed that soil animal is sensitive to these pesticides toxicity and that the species and quantities of soil animal treated by pesticides are decreased. And the variety trend showed that the species and population of soil animals were decreased with decreasing common population and rare population, while the amount change of them was associated with the amount change of dominant populations.
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