| Jilin Aodong Tao'nan pharmacy company had developed a series of medicine for cardiac and brain vascular desease which were made from Tribulus terrestris L.It's curative effect is good, among them the thimble and powder had already been listed on the first grade national medicine. So it is necessary to carry on the research of the construction of GAP. Furthermore, Tribulus terrestris L.can check the gust and fix the drifting sand and help to improve the ecological enviroment worsened day by day in the west of Jilin Province. For the reason, the research of cultivation technique and ecological adaption of Tribulus terrestris L.under the principle of GAP was performed. It could offer rational guidance on regulating the cultivation, improving the quality of raw materials and exploiting wild resources sustainable.1. The studying of biological and ecological characteristic of Tribulus terrestris L. seedThe result indicated that the viability of seed was very strong and could be up to 90%. The suitable temperature for Tribulus terrestris L. seed sprouts was 25℃, the second was 30℃ and 35℃ and the burgeon rate was all above 30%. Sprout bed test indicated that sand was suitable for Tribulus terrestris L. seed sprout, and the burgeon rate was 5times over the filter paper's. The suitable water content of sprout bed was 5%-10%. It will make the seed unable to get the sufficient oxygen which made the seed can not sprout or be constrained when the water content was too high. Tribulus terrestris L.seed water absorption chatacteristic indicated that the speed of seed water absorption was quickly. The water absorption within one hour can reach the 65%-70% of the maxium after absorbing water, which had something to do with the arid environment.2. The studing of Tribulus terrestris L. ecological adaptionAccording to the development characteristic of the Tribulus terrestris L, the process of growth could be devided into several periods: Young seedling stage, young stem growth period, branch development one, pregnant bud one, florescence, fruit ripe one, withered one. The fastest period of stem growth was from July 25 to August 10. The peak of leaf number per individual was on August 10, which was 339.58 + 77.52 slices. The fastest period of leaf sprout is from July 10 to July 25, which was 9.3 leaves/day.individual. The single leaf dry weight of Tribulus terrestris L. had the trend of reducing with the development of plant gradually. The dry weight of single leaf was the greatest on June 25. The fastest increasing period for the reproductive modulars was from July 10 to July 25. The existing flower and bud number peak was from July 25 to August 10.The existing fruit number peak was on August 25.The ratio of leaf and stem dry weight had dramatical change in the whole period. In young stem growth period the ratio was 2.44+0.53 and the leaf biomass accounted forthe whole of 66.57+4.41%. In branch development period the ratio lowered to 1.42± 0.24, leaf biomass accounted for the whole of 52.83 ±3.53%,.In the withered period, the ratio lowered to 0.56 ± 0.15 sharply.In the whole growth period, the accumulation of dry matter increased gradually, shown as "slow-fast-slow". The biomass of leaf, root, bud and flower reach the biomass peak on August 10, and the biomass peaks of stem and fruit appeared on August 25, on which the individual biomass accumulation was highest. There were two transfermation of the growth center in the whole growth period. At first the growth center was on leaf, and transfered to stem by middle period and to fruit finally. The period of the transformation from the nutrient growth to reproductive growth was on mid-August, which could be regarded as the basis of water and fertilizer adjustment. The highest content of sponins was also on mid-August. In the light of biomass accumulation and saponins content synthetically, the suitable time to reap should be on this period.3. The studing of density of Tribulus terrestris L. cultivationThe result indicated: The small density was helpful to the growth and bud sprout of the plant, but unfavorable to yields. The unit area biomass of modular density restrain chatacteristic shown as unanimous regularity change, and could be expressed with linear equation Y=aX+b, namely with the reducing of the density, the biomass of unit's area are also reducing. In all treatment, the rows of 10cm had the highest biomass of unit's area, which was 202.39g/m2, and the rows of 50cm had the lowest one, which was 65.5lg/m2. In the four treatments, the biomass accumulation peak appeared on different time, and the rows of lOcm's was on 10,August and the rest was on 25,August. The peak of LAI appeared on August 10. LAI had the positive relation with density, namely the small density was unfavorable to the improvement of LAI and yields.In the different periods, there were different exponential functional relation between the average individual weight and density. Parameter of the simulating equation indicated that the density restrains function was enhanced with the growth of Tribulus terrestris L.. But the population in every breeding time has not reached the greatest holding amount of the enviroment.The result of the experiment: The suitable rows of Tribulus terrestris L.was 10cm, which could guarantee the yields per mu be over 133.4kg. It was suibable to reap on mid-August.4. The studing of suitable fertilizer supply to Tribulus terrestris L.This result indicated: Root diameter, stem length, stem diameter and leaf number was directly influenced by the application of nitrogen. When the nitrogen was in liberal supply, the number of branch and the biomass above the ground were improved. When phosphorus fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer was applied together, the branch number and root diameter can be up to 40.63 and 5.01mm respectively.The analysis of yields indicated: When every treatment (60m2) was applied urea 3.913kg, superphophate 25.6683kg, potassium sulphate 2.1628kg, namely applied urea 43.5kg per mu, superphophate 285.35kg per mu, potassium sulphate 24.04kg per mu, the yields can be up to 1167.14g/m. The resonable propotion was l:6.56:0.55,or N:P2O5:K2O was 1:1.71:0.6.5. The studing of the effect of water supply amount on Tribulus terrestris L. growthThe individual growth condition under 350mm was best, in which the stem, leaf, fruit, flower, bud demonstrated the obviously quantity advantages in 5 treatments. The second was 450mm, and the worst was 150mm, in which the plant was under water stress. It could not influence the individual weight significantly besides the 150mm and 250mm water supply. The 350mm of water supply had the biggest individual weight, which was 1.478±0.446g. So 350mm of water supply was the critical water requirement of Tribulus terrestris L.6. The studing of the pharmacy matierial quality in different period and the effect of fertilizer and water supply adjustment on the saponins contentThe content of achol abstraction had dramatical change in the different periods. The peak of the content of achol abstraction was on August 23, which was 5.66%. The second was 5.27% which appeared on July 4. The content of ash and achol abstraction had the nagative relation significantly. The content of ash would lower when the achol abstraction content was high.The experiment of fertilizer and water supply indicated: Nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer was unfavorable to the accumulation of saponins, but the potassium fertilizer was favorable. It would get the best general yields, namely the highest yields and saponins content, when urea 3.913kg/treatment, superphophate 20.081 kg/treatment, potassium sulphate 2.389 kg/treatment were applied. The increase of water supply was unfavorable to the saponins content. The biggest saponins content appeared under 150mm water supply, which was 6.42%. The second was 5.25% under the 350mm water supply. The saponins content of 250mm,450mm and 550mm water supply was 4.72 % ? 3.37% and 3.48% respectively. In the light of yields and the saponins content , the suitable water supply was 350mm. |
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