Research On Monitoring Of Soil And Water Conservation On Loess Plateau Based On "3S" Technologies

The article researched the methods and techniques of dynamic monitoring of the soil and water conservation on Loess Plateau in depth, its achievements not only provide the scientific gist for the management and decision making of soil and water conservation but also promote the development of monitoring techniques of soil and water conservation. So the research is of great importance.Based on "3S" -GIS, GPS and RS--technologies, the monitoring techniques and method of soil and water conservation in macro scale, small watershed scale and typical plot was discussed in the article. Skills and method for the monitoring of soil and watershed conservation in severe erosion area were summarized. The experiment of evaluation model of soil erosion in loess rolling hills region was launched, and the information system of soil and water conservation of typical small watershed and the remote sensing monitoring system of soil and water conservation of small watershed were established. Taking 4 key small watershed and one typical small watershed located in the connected area of Shaanxi province and Inner Mongolia as samples, an application experiment was conducted, and the data of the soil erosion, land usage and the measures of soil and water conservation of the watershed were derived, they matched the filed survey data well. The result of the experiment is believable and the method is practicable. The research enlarged the application extent of "3S" technologies in soil and water conservation, and its achievements are of extensive foreground for application. The main approaches for the research including:(1) Select the research area, analysis the process of soil erosion and the element affecting it, study out the evaluation indexes system and classification system of soil and water conservation measures and the land usage.(2) Analysis the images by the equipment and software of aero remote sensing, establish the basal database of soil erosion, including the data of erosion background, investigation of soil erosion, soil and water conservation etc.(3) using exact corrected TM satellite images, superpose with the slop degree information withdraw from the relief map with a scale of 1:100000, refer to the elements such as land surface materials, rainfall, soil and water conservation zones, landscape features, soil and water conservation; analysis the soil erosion plot by a method ofinteraction between people and computers, then edit the map, combine the maps, measure the area and make statistics.(4) based on the GIS environment, develop the evaluation model of soil erosion, and application system such as remote sensing monitoring system of small watershed, information management system of representative watershed.?Analysis and calculate soil erosion in a environment of GIS integrated with soil erosion model, so as to provide the gist for the decision making of soil and water conservation and environment rehabilitation projects.